“…Even when clear memories were identified by the investigators, participants' confidence in them was below the scale midpoint (Hyman & Billings, 1998). Omitted from Table 4 are data on recollection of true events that, when reported, was consistently higher (Garry & Wade, 2005; Heaps & Nash, 2001; Hessen‐Kayfitz & Scoboria, 2012; Lindsay et al, 2004; Loftus & Pickrell, 1995; Ost et al, 2005; Pezdek et al, 1997; Porter et al, 1999; Shaw & Porter, 2015; Strange et al, 2008). There were no indications that studies using guided imagery obtained higher self‐report ratings of recollective experience or confidence in memory than studies that did not use guided imagery and in one study where these conditions were directly compared use of imagery led to numerically lower confidence in memory (Hyman & Pentland, 1996).…”