Actuaries' Evaluation of the Utility of Financial Economics

Charting a Course on the Islamic Finance Ocean: A Survey of Islamic Insurance Literatures

“…Over the years, continuous writings and practical experiences of stakeholders have paid for its standardization at both market and academic levels. Thus, enough literature is available on its technical and core operational aspects of underwriting (Schultz & Bardwell, 1959;Bickelhaupt, 1983;Mehr, 1986;Rejda, 1989;Beekman, 1990) and rating (pricing) (Arrow, 1963(Arrow, , 1971(Arrow, , 1973(Arrow, , 1974Raviv, 1979;Bühlmann, 1985Bühlmann, , 1997Trowbridge, 1989;Schweizer, 2001;Whelan, 2002;Light, 2004;Cummins & Mahul, 2002D'arcy, 2005;Laeven & Goovaerts, 2007;Zhou et al, 2010;Bernard et al, 2012). Regulations are well documented through ages globally.…”

“…Issues of underwriting in conventional insurance were explored by Mehr and Cammack (1980), Mehr (1979Mehr ( , 1986, Dorfman (1982), Light (2004), Mehr and Gustavson (1987), Bickelhaupt (1983), Rejda (1989), Trowbridge (1989), Norberg (1990), Bühlmann (1997), Schweizer (2001), Whelan (2002), and American Academy of Actuaries (2008), Macedo (2009), Berenson, Levine, and Krehbiel (2009) on theoretical aspects of rating. Excellent academic researchers, such as Arrow (1963Arrow ( , 1971Arrow ( , 1974, Raviv (1979), Bühlmann (1985), Briys, Dionne, and Eeckhoudt (1989), Rejda (1989), Green, Trieschmann, and Gustavson (1992), Luan (2001), Mahul (2002, 2004), Liu and Yang (2004), Laeven and Goovaerts (2008), Karni (2007), Zhou, W. Wu, and C. Wu (2010), Walhin and Paris (1999), Bernard, He, Yan, and Zhou (2012), have developed various models of rating based on various mathematical and statistical methods.…”

Taxa de Desconto na Gestão de Ativos e Passivos Previdenciários

“…No entanto, alguns autores também criticaram esta segunda abordagem, como Mindlin (2005), queé, por sua vez, contraposto por Gold and Latter (2009). As discussões teóricas sobre as duas abordagens passam pela evolução da teoria Financeira, como feito por Whelan (2008), que comenta a evolução da teoria de Finanças em contrapontoàs suas práticas, inclusive a atuarial, e Adeyele and Adelakun (2010) exploram a estrutura conceitual que forma a base para a discussão entre economistas financeiros e atuários tradicionais, passando por princípios como o de não arbitragem e o da irrelevância da estrutura de financiamento. A relação entre a Atuária e as Finançaś e também discutida em Day (2004) e em Gordon and Jarvis (2003).…”