Actuator Line Model simulations to study active power control at wind turbine level

Guggeri, Andrés; Draper, Martín; López, Bruno; Usera, Gabriel

doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1256/1/012030

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The majority of studies are low‐fidelity simulations and analytical studies that use one of a few popular wake models to approximate the dynamics of wake–turbine and wake–wake interactions 32,34,36–38,41,42,45,49,53,54,59,61,63,65,66,68,70,74,75,77,82,85,89,91,93,94 . Some have used high‐fidelity computational fluid dynamics (CFD) 3,9,26,37,60,62,67,76,81,86,90 or specifically large eddy simulations (LES), 50,55 as well as scaled wind tunnel experiments, 33,39,40,47,48,52,56,69,79,91 and field tests 35,43,44,62,71 . The potential of AIC may have been inflated by the high number of low‐fidelity simulations, which likely report high power gains because they lack sufficient detail to capture critical wake dynamics.…”

Section: Wake Management Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of wake management techniques for wind turbines

Houck

2021

Wind Energy

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Summary The progression of wind turbine technology has led to wind turbines being incredibly optimized machines often approaching their theoretical maximum production capabilities. When placed together in arrays to make wind farms, however, they are subject to wake interference that greatly reduces downstream turbines' power production, increases structural loading and maintenance, reduces their lifetimes, and ultimately increases the levelized cost of energy. Development of techniques to manage wakes and operate larger and larger arrays of turbines more efficiently is now a crucial field of research. Herein, four wake management techniques in various states of development are reviewed. These include axial induction control, wake steering, the latter two combined, and active wake control. Each of these is reviewed in terms of its control strategies and use for power maximization, load reduction, and ancillary services. By evaluating existing research, several directions for future research are suggested.

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Section: Wake Management Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of wake management techniques for wind turbines

Houck

2021

Wind Energy

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“…Libertad wind farm location (a) and layout (b). The arrows indicate the simulated wind directions (adapted from[56]). …”

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confidence: 99%

Large Eddy Simulation of an Onshore Wind Farm with the Actuator Line Model Including Wind Turbine’s Control below and above Rated Wind Speed

Guggeri

Draper

2019

Energies

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As the size of wind turbines increases and their hub heights become higher, which partially explains the vertiginous increase of wind power worldwide in the last decade, the interaction of wind turbines with the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) and between each other is becoming more complex. There are different approaches to model and compute the aerodynamic loads, and hence the power production, on wind turbines subject to ABL inflow conditions ranging from the classical Blade Element Momentum (BEM) method to Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) approaches. Also, modern multi-MW wind turbines have a torque controller and a collective pitch controller to manage power output, particularly in maximizing power production or when it is required to down-regulate their production. In this work the results of a validated numerical method, based on a Large Eddy Simulation-Actuator Line Model framework, was applied to simulate a real 7.7 MNW onshore wind farm on Uruguay under different wind conditions, and hence operational situations are shown with the aim to assess the capability of this approach to model actual wind farm dynamics. A description of the implementation of these controllers in the CFD solver Caffa3d, presenting the methodology applied to obtain the controller parameters, is included. For validation, the simulation results were compared with 1 Hz data obtained from the Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition System of the wind farm, focusing on the temporal evolution of the following variables: Wind velocity, rotor angular speed, pitch angle, and electric power. In addition to this, simulations applying active power control at the wind turbine level are presented under different de-rate signals, both constant and time-varying, and were subject to different wind speed profiles and wind directions where there was interaction between wind turbines and their wakes.

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Influence of limiting the projection region on coarse Large Eddy Simulation-Actuator Line Model simulations

Draper

López

Guggeri

et al. 2020

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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Wind energy has developed worldwide, becoming a mature technology. Nevertheless, major advances regarding wind turbine aerodynamics and control as well as wind farm control and its integration in the power grid are being foreseen in the near future. To accomplish that, different simulation tools have emerged. The Actuator Line Model (ALM) in the frame of Large Eddy Simulation method has been used to study different related topics, from wake stability to wind turbine interaction and wind farm control, and it is considered the state of the art to simulate with high fidelity the wind flow through wind turbines and wind farms. Despite that, the ALM results, particularly loads and power production, have shown to be dependent on the numerical setup, like the projection function and its smearing parameter. The present paper aims to contribute to the latter by showing the influence of limiting the projection region. It is found that projecting the aerodynamic forces onto a cylinder that confines the rotor disk improves the computed power and loads compared to a Blade Element Momentum code and affects the wake development.

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Actuator Line Model simulations to study active power control at wind turbine level

Cited by 3 publications

References 18 publications

Review of wake management techniques for wind turbines

Review of wake management techniques for wind turbines

Large Eddy Simulation of an Onshore Wind Farm with the Actuator Line Model Including Wind Turbine’s Control below and above Rated Wind Speed

Influence of limiting the projection region on coarse Large Eddy Simulation-Actuator Line Model simulations

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