Acupuncture, a promising adjunctive therapy for essential hypertension: a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial

Yin, Chang-Shik; Seo, Byung-Kwan; Park, Hi-Joon; Cho, Michael; Jung, Woon Won; Choue, Ryowon; Kim, ChangHwan; Park, Hun-Kuk; Lee, Hyejung; Koh, Hyeong-Gyun

doi:10.1179/016164107x172220

Cited by 78 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Secondly, their participants may have been healthier. The patient sample studied by Yin et al 35 had lower mean baseline BP (135/ 83 mm Hg) and lower mean body mass index 25 relative to SHARP participants. Lastly and perhaps most importantly, Yin et al 35 compared active acupuncture to a noninvasive sham control.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…35 Yin et al 35 report BP declines of Ϫ14.8/ Ϫ6.9 mm Hg in their active acupuncture group (nϭ15) versus Ϫ4.0/Ϫ1.1 mm Hg in the sham group (nϭ15; PϽ0.05) after 8 weeks of twice-weekly treatments. The study was double blind and used a noninvasive sham treatment for which masking has been validated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The study was double blind and used a noninvasive sham treatment for which masking has been validated. 47 At least 3 important differences exist between the SHARP pilot trial and Yin et al 35 Firstly, Yin et al 35 used acupuncture as an adjunct to pharmaceutical management and exercise. All of the subjects studied by Yin et al 35 were on antihypertensives, which they continued using during the trial.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] The efficacy of acupuncture for treating hypertension is suggested by a large number of published case series and uncontrolled trials. 22,23,25,30 -32 Three randomized trials [33][34][35] reported significant reductions in BP relative to randomly assigned control groups treated for 4 to 8 weeks, whereas 3 others did not report significant effects of acupuncture relative to control subjects. 36 -38 They were all relatively small trials (nϭ10 to 68), and all but Yin et al 35 were limited by Ն1 of the following: incomplete descriptions of methods, incomplete blinding, and lack of peer review.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Stop Hypertension With the Acupuncture Research Program (SHARP)

et al. 2006

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Abstract-Case studies and small trials suggest that acupuncture may effectively treat hypertension, but no large randomized trials have been reported. 3 Modalities of complementary and alternative medicine, including acupuncture, are being used by patients with increasing frequency, 4 but these therapies lack demonstrated efficacy and safety for treating cardiovascular disease and hypertension. 5 Acupuncture has been used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) to treat symptoms related to hypertension for Ͼ2500 years. 6 Today, acupuncture is commonly used to treat hypertension in China and the West. [7][8][9] The efficacy of acupuncture is well supported for treating postoperative dental pain 10 and nausea 11,12 with few reported adverse effects. 13 Acupuncture has been found effective for treating a number of other acute 14 -16 and chronic 17,18 conditions in a growing number of randomized trials, although opinion differs on the role of placebo effects. 19,20 Mechanistic studies have demonstrated effects of acupuncture on the activity and plasma concentrations of blood pressure modulators, including: renin, aldosterone, angiotensin II, norepinephrine, serotonin, enkephalins, and ␤-endorphins. [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] The efficacy of acupuncture for treating hypertension is suggested by a large number of published case series and uncontrolled trials. 22,23,25,30 -32 Three randomized trials 33-35 reported significant reductions in BP relative to randomly assigned control groups treated for 4 to 8 weeks, whereas 3 others did not report significant effects of acupuncture relative to control subjects. 36 -38 They were all relatively small trials (nϭ10 to 68), and all but Yin et al 35 were limited

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stop Hypertension With the Acupuncture Research Program (SHARP)

et al. 2006

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“…There are a number of studies that support the use of acupuncture in patients with hypertension. [16][17][18] A study funded by the National Institutes of Health "Stop Hypertension with the Acupuncture Research Program" enrolled 192 participants with untreated hypertension. 19 The study found that active acupuncture treatment, using both doctorselected points and study-assigned points, lowed blood pressure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of electrical stimulation of acupuncture points on blood pressure

Zhang¹,

Ng²,

Sau³

2009

Journal of Chiropractic Medicine

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Objective: Arterial hypertension is considered a major contributor to coronary arterial disease. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of Hans electrical stimulation of acupuncture points on blood pressure. Methods: Subjects with normal and elevated blood pressure were recruited and randomly assigned into control and experimental groups. Only the experimental subjects received active Hans electrical stimulation on 2 acupuncture points for 30 minutes each session, twice a week for 5 weeks. Results: Twenty-seven subjects (17 male) were recruited and completed the study. The average age of the subjects was 25 ± 5 years. The youngest subject was 20 years old and the oldest was 36 years old. After using the Hans electrical stimulation on acupuncture points for 5 weeks, the systolic blood pressure decreased significantly in the experimental group with active treatment. The mean systolic blood pressure was 117.8 ± 4.2 mm Hg before the treatment and was reduced to 110.8 ± 5.5 mm Hg (P b .05) in the third week and to 110.1 ± 5.8 mm Hg in the fifth week (P b .05). The mean diastolic blood pressure was 78.1 ± 5.0 mm Hg before treatment and was reduced to 77.4 ± 4.3 mm Hg (P N .05) in the third week and to 74.8 ± 4.3 mm Hg (P N .05) in the fifth week, but both did not reach statistically significant levels. The systolic and diastolic blood pressures in the control group did not show statistically significant changes. The mean systolic blood pressure was 115.6 ± 13.3 mm Hg before the treatment and was reduced to 113.0 ± 12.6 mm Hg (P N 0.05) in the third week and to 112.2 ± 10.3 mm Hg in the fifth week (P N .05). The mean diastolic blood pressure was 76.4 ± 7.9 mm Hg before treatment and was reduced to 76.5 ± 6.9 mm Hg (P N .05) in the third week and to 73.9 ± 5.4 mm Hg (P N .05) in the fifth week. Conclusion: It was concluded that Hans electrical stimulation of acupuncture points reduced systolic blood pressure but not the diastolic blood pressure in the current subject population with normal and elevated blood pressure.

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A 41-Year-Old African American Man With Poorly Controlled Hypertension

Cooper¹

2009

JAMA

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Mr R is a 41-year-old African American man with a long history of hypertension, first discovered in the early 1990s. Over the years, Mr R has had difficulty adhering to suggested medication regimens and his blood pressure has been poorly controlled, despite the efforts of multiple physicians at a number of different institutions.With blood pressures as high as 240/180 mm Hg in the past, Mr R's medical history is remarkable for episodes of epistaxis, headache, and occasional palpitations. Hospitalized for accelerating hypertension in 1994, he has been troubled over the years by adverse effects from a number of medications. Hydrochlorothiazide interfered with his sexual function, and ␤-blockers made him feel "sluggish mentally." He tried acupuncture but found it unhelpful.A self-employed businessman, Mr R has commercial health insurance that partially covers the costs of his medications. He works long and irregular hours. He is a single father with 2 children, one of whom lives with him. He has never smoked and uses little alcohol. The CAGE questionnaire, 1 a screening test for alcohol abuse, was performed and was negative. He is physically fit and exercises intermittently. His mother has hypertension but his siblings do not.On recent physical examination, Mr R looked well. His blood pressure was 146/74 mm Hg in the right arm and 144/72 mm Hg in the left arm. His pulse was 64/min and regular; respirations, 10/min. He weighed 210 lb, and his height was 72 in. His eye grounds were unremarkable, lungs clear, veins flat. Carotid arteriesdemonstratednormalpulsationsandnobruitswereheard. Cardiac examination revealed a grade 2/6 holosystolic murmur at the base, accentuated with a Valsalva maneuver. There was no heave, rub, or gallop. Abdominal examination revealed no organomegaly, bruits, or hepatojugular reflux. He exhibited no peripheral edema or neurological abnormalities.Results of complete blood cell count and serum tests for electrolytes, creatinine, urea nitrogen, and random glucose were normal. Urinalysis and prostate-specific antigen results were normal. A fasting, calculated low-density lipoprotein level was 104 mg/dL (2.69 mmol/L). An electrocardiogram revealed voltage criteria and ST-T changes compatible with left ventricular hypertrophy. A chest film revealed mild cardiomegaly, with CME available online at www.jamaarchivescme.com and questions on p 1296.Mr R is an African American man with a long history of poorly controlled hypertension and difficulties with adherence to recommended treatments. Despite serious complications such as hypertensive emergency requiring hospitalization and awareness of the seriousness of his illness, Mr R says at times he has ignored his high blood pressure and his physicians' recommendations. African Americans are disproportionately affected by hypertension and its complications. Although most pharmacological and dietary therapies for hypertension are similarly efficacious for African Americans and whites, disparities in hypertension treatment persist. Like many patients, Mr R fa...

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Acupuncture, a promising adjunctive therapy for essential hypertension: a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial

Abstract: Acupuncture seems to offer an additional benefit to the treatment of hypertensive patients.

Cited by 78 publications

References 23 publications

Stop Hypertension With the Acupuncture Research Program (SHARP)

Stop Hypertension With the Acupuncture Research Program (SHARP)

Effects of electrical stimulation of acupuncture points on blood pressure

A 41-Year-Old African American Man With Poorly Controlled Hypertension

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