Acupuncture Points of the Brachial Plexus

Hc, Dung

doi:10.1142/s0192415x85000095

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…For many decades, acupuncture practitioners and anatomists have attempted to correlate the location of acupuncture points to peripheral nerves, spinal segments, and spinal plexuses. [11][12][13][14][15][16][17] This neuroanatomical theory of acupuncture suggests that acupuncture's effect is mediated via afferent input through the peripheral nervous system, eliciting a reflex at the level of the spinal cord via the sympathetic plexuses and via efferent input to the visceral organs and skeletal muscle. 18,19 In the case of local needling in close proximity to a nerve, acupuncture's likely mechanism of action is direct mechanical stimulation, such as pressure on the perineural tissues by the needle in manual acupuncture or electrical current stimulation of the nerve with EA.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Case for Local Needling in Successful Randomized Controlled Trials of Peripheral Neuropathy: A Follow-Up Systematic Review

Dimitrova

Murchison

Oken

2018

Medical Acupuncture

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This work follows-up on a systematic review, published in 2017, of acupuncture for the treatment of mono- and polyneuropathy and associated symptoms. Previously reviewed trials of acupuncture for neuropathy primarily used acupuncture points in close proximity to underlying nerves. Further exploration of point selection for the treatment of each neuropathic condition is needed to assess the anatomical relationships between acupuncture points and peripheral nerves with respect to the treatment of neuropathy. The 13 randomized controlled trials included in the original review studied acupuncture for neuropathy caused by diabetes, Bell's palsy, carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and idiopathic causes. The present review reexamines all acupuncture points used, focusing on specific neuropathic condition treated. Anatomical diagrams are presented to highlight acupuncture points underlying the nerves' anatomical relationships. Each selected acupuncture point is reviewed in detail, including its Traditional Chinese Medicine theory-based function, the point's indications for use, and the peripheral nerve most closely associated with it. In Bell's palsy, the majority of selected acupuncture points were associated with the ipsilateral facial nerve. In CTS, the majority of the selected acupuncture points were closely associated with the median nerve and its branches. In polyneuropathy caused by diabetes, HIV, or idiopathic causes, most selected acupuncture points were in close proximity to peripheral nerves. All reviewed trials of acupuncture for neuropathy and neuropathic pain use acupuncture points that are closely associated with the peripheral nerves treated. Local needling is crucial for successful treatment of peripheral neuropathy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Case for Local Needling in Successful Randomized Controlled Trials of Peripheral Neuropathy: A Follow-Up Systematic Review

Dimitrova

Murchison

Oken

2018

Medical Acupuncture

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show abstract

“…Since the 1980s, acupuncture practitioners and anatomists have attempted to correlate the location of acupuncture points to peripheral nerves, spinal segments, and spinal plexuses. [19][20][21][22][23][24][25] This neuroanatomical theory of acupuncture suggests that acupuncture's effect is mediated via afferent input through the peripheral nervous system, eliciting a reflex at the level of the spinal cord via the sympathetic plexuses and via efferent to the visceral organs and skeletal muscle. 26,27 The neurophysiologic testing to support these theories is lacking so far and further study on the local, direct effects of acupuncture on the peripheral nervous system is needed.…”

Section: A Closer Look At Point Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Introducing a Standardized Acupuncture Protocol for Peripheral Neuropathy: A Case Series

Dimitrova

2017

Medical Acupuncture

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Peripheral neuropathy (PN) is defined as damage to the peripheral nervous system caused by a primary lesion or dysfunction. Multiple recent trials have suggested that acupuncture is beneficial for treating neuropathic pain. One challenge in acupuncture research is the lack of standardization of point selection, number of needles used, needle-retention time, needling depth, amount of needle manipulation, and use of moxibustion and electroacupuncture (EA). This article presents a standardized acupuncture protocol for the treatment of PN that incorporates structural acupuncture principles based on proximity to peripheral nerves and on traditional approaches to the treatment of neuropathic pain. Ten consecutive patients diagnosed with large- or small-fiber neuropathy of various etiologies were treated with a standardized protocol, based on anatomical correlations of peripheral nerves and acupuncture points. Manual acupuncture was applied to left LR 4, LU 5; bilateral LI 11, KI 27, ST 36, GB 34, SP 6, SP 9, LI 4, TE 5, and (except for the space between the first and second digits of the toes; LR 3 was used for that space). EA was applied to bilateral KI 3-1 and bilateral ST 41-LR 3. Patients underwent at least six acupuncture sessions, although the total number of sessions varied. Outcomes were measured using a visual analogue scale (VAS) and clinical signs and symptoms. All 10 patients indicated improvement on the VAS and in clinical presentation. This standardized protocol appears to be effective for the treatment of neuropathy of various causes, including large- and small-fiber involvement. Further studies with larger sample sizes and randomized comparisons against sham acupuncture and other acupuncture regimens will be helpful to determine if this protocol could be established as a guideline for approaching peripheral neuropathy.

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“…He listed the connections of the nerve-vessel bundles of the acupuncture points to nerve trunks leading to the spinal cord, and from there to the brain. By systematically examining all nerve branches of the brain, he found connections between nearly all acupuncture points and the corresponding nerve trunk [4,5,6]. This is an anatomical basis for manipulating organ function physiologically via the stimulation of special skin sites [5].…”

Section: Review Of Morphological Properties Of Acupuncture Pointsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Newly Explored Electrical Properties of Normal Skin and Special Skin Sites / Neue Untersuchungen zu elektrischen Eigenschaften normaler Haut und spezieller Hautpunkte

Mayer-Gindner¹,

Lek-Uthai²,

Abdallah³

et al. 2004

Biomedizinische Technik/Biomedical Engineering

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Skin impedance measurements at various skin sites yield different impedance loci for normal skin and special skin sites. The results of skin impedance measurements taken at such sites with a two-electrode measurement system are presented herein. Some of these sites can be identified as acupuncture points. Data from 4 volunteers were acquired by means of a data acquisition board and a measuring system consisting of the measurement circuit, including several electrode types, and a power supply. The Cole model is a model for an equivalent electrical circuit of the skin-electrode system. The system was used to derive skin-typical parameters from the Bode plot of the whole system. These parameters are the fractional power a, the pseudo-capacity K, the parallel resistance Rp, and the serial resistance Rs of the equivalent electrical circuit. The results show that the measured parameters differ between normal skin and special skin sites. These effects have not previously been discovered by other authors, since there has been no systematic investigation of many acupuncture points to date, and there has been no apparent need for such an investigation. A number of necessary criteria for acupuncture point detection can be derived from the results obtained.

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Acupuncture Points of the Brachial Plexus

Cited by 13 publications

References 0 publications

The Case for Local Needling in Successful Randomized Controlled Trials of Peripheral Neuropathy: A Follow-Up Systematic Review

The Case for Local Needling in Successful Randomized Controlled Trials of Peripheral Neuropathy: A Follow-Up Systematic Review

Introducing a Standardized Acupuncture Protocol for Peripheral Neuropathy: A Case Series

Newly Explored Electrical Properties of Normal Skin and Special Skin Sites / Neue Untersuchungen zu elektrischen Eigenschaften normaler Haut und spezieller Hautpunkte

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