Acute Accidental Exposure to Chlorine Gas in the Southeast of Turkey: A study of 106 Cases

Güloğlu, Cahfer; Kara, İsmail Hamdi; Erten, Pakize Gamze

doi:10.1006/enrs.2001.4324

Cited by 49 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 19 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Persistent hypoxemia is associated with a higher mortality rate due to airflow obstruction and air trapping, typical findings of pulmonary function tests. Reversibility and nonspecific provocation tests may be positive [15][16][17][18].…”

Section: A Chlorine (Cl 2 )mentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute Inhalation Injury

Görgüner

Akgün

2010

EAJM

110

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Inhaled substances may cause injury in pulmonary epithelium at various levels of respiratory tract, leading from simple symptoms to severe disease. Acute inhalation injury (AII) is not uncommon condition. There are certain high risk groups but AII may occur at various places including home or workplace. Environmental exposure is also possible. In addition to individual susceptibility, the characteristics of inhaled substances such as water solubility, size of substances and chemical properties may aff ect disease severity as well as its location. Although AII cases may recover in a few days but AII may cause long-term complications, even death.We aimed to discuss the eff ects of short-term exposures (minutes to hours) to toxic substances on the lungs.

show abstract

Section: A Chlorine (Cl 2 )mentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute Inhalation Injury

Görgüner

Akgün

2010

EAJM

110

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Nevertheless, there are numerous case series in our country reported by the medical faculties. 3,9,12 There have been previous studies carried out with various doses and duration on chlorine gas in rats, sheep, porcine and dormice. 4,[13][14][15] We selected rats as the experiment animals in our study, since they met our conditions the best.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histopathological Study of Short and Long-Term Pulmonary Effects of Nebulized Sodium Bicarbonate Treatment in Chlorine Gas Exposured Rats

Al¹,

Bozkurt²,

Yıldırım³

et al. 2010

Turkiye Klinikleri J Med Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A AB BS S T TR RA AC CT T O Ob bj je ec ct ti iv ve e: : So di um hypoch lo ri te (known as ble ach) and hydroch lo ric acid are tra di ti o nally used as cle a ning ma te ri als. Mix tu re of the se two li qu ids yi elds chlo ri ne gas. Chlo ri ne gas ex po su re is a fre qu ent re a son for emer gency con sul ta ti ons. The re is no ac cep ted spe ci fic tre at ment for re duc ti on of the pul mo nary in jury. In our study, we ha ve in ves ti ga ted his to pat ho lo gi cally the ef fect of ne bu lized so di um bi car bo na te, the use of which is al so con tro ver si al in the li te ra tu re, in the tre at ment of pulmo nary in jury ca u sed by chlo ri ne gas in ha la ti on. M Ma at te er ri ia al l a an nd d M Me et t h ho od ds s: : Forty-eight rats we re used. Rats we re ran domly dis tri bu ted in to five gro ups. Rats in Gro up 1 (n= 8) we re kept un tre a ted thro ugho ut the study. Rats in Gro up 2 (n= 8), Gro up 3 (n= 8), Gro up 4 (n= 12), and Gro up 5 (n= 12) we re expo sed to 155 ppm chlo ri ne gas in ha la ti on for five mi nu tes. Rats in Gro up 3 and 5 we re ad di ti o nally gi ven ne bu li zed so di um bi car bo na te fol lo wing chlo ri ne gas in ha la ti on. Rats in Gro up 2 and 3 we re sacri fi ced 30 mi nu tes af ter the chlo ri ne in ha la ti on, and rats in Gro up 4 and 5 we re sac ri fi ced 45 days after the in ha la ti on for his to pat ho lo gi cal exa mi na ti ons. Pul mo nary in jury gra de was determined and the re sults we re com pa red bet we en gro ups. Sta tis ti cal analy sis was performed using the SSPS 13.0 softwa re. R Re e s su ul lt ts s: : His to pat ho lo gi cal exa mi na ti on of the lungs of rats in Gro up 2 and 3 sho wed acu te injury. The re was no in jury in Gro up 1. All of the rats in Gro up 2 had Gra de 1 in jury. In Gro up 3, 50% of rats had Gra de 1 and 50% had Gra de 2 in juries. So me of the rats in Gro up 4 and Gro up 5 sho wed si mi lar in ters ti ti al fib ro sis and al ve o lar emph yse ma to us al te ra ti ons. Gra de 3 in jury was not de ter mined in any gro ups. C Co on nc c l lu u s si i o on n: : We conc lu ded that ne bu li zed so di um bi car bo na te in cre a ses the se verity of pul mo nary in jury in the short-term. It has no ef fects on the in jury in the long-term.K Ke ey y W Wo or rd ds s: : In ha la ti on ex po su re; so di um bi car bo na te Ö ÖZ ZE ET T A Am ma aç ç: : Halk ara sın da ça ma şır su yu ve tuz ru hu ola rak bi li nen sod yum hi pok lo rit ve hid rok lorik asit, ge le nek sel ola rak te miz lik ama cı ile kul la nı lır lar. Bu iki sı vı nın ka rış tı rıl ma sı so nu cu klor gazı or ta ya çı kar. Klor ga zı ze hir len me le ri acil ser vi se sık baş vu ru ne den le rin den bi ri si dir. Bu has ta la rın te da vi sin de ana yak la şım semp to ma tik ve des tek le yi ci te da vi dir. Or ta ya çı kan ak ci ğer ha sa rı nı azaltma ya yö ne lik ka bul gör müş spe si fik bir te da vi yak la şı mı yok tur. Ça lış ma mız da, klor ga zı in ha las yonu ile oluş tu ru lan ak ci ğer ha sa rı nın te da vi sin de, kul la nı mı li te ra tür de ...

show abstract

“…In their 2009 study of 25 young, male soldiers exposed to chlorine gas on a military base, Cevik et al found that 48 % of patients had wheezing, rales, or decreased breath sounds [15]. In 2002, Güloğlu et al described a cohort of 106 people exposed to chlorine gas in Turkey, of which 28 % had abnormal pulmonary physical findings-primarily wheezing [17]. Among these two relatively large cohorts, only six patients total were reported to have hypoxia, and only six had abnormal chest radiographs.…”

Section: Case Continuationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since that time, the literature addressing the question of nebulized sodium bicarbonate in chlorine inhalation has grown significantly. Data in humans come from two case reports, four observational studies, and one prospective, randomized, controlled study [15][16][17][27][28][29][30].…”

Section: Case Continuationmentioning

confidence: 99%