Acute Administration of d-Amphetamine Decreases Impulsivity in Healthy Volunteers

Wit, Harriet de; Enggasser, Justin L.; Richards, Jerry B.

doi:10.1016/s0893-133x(02)00343-3

Cited by 401 publications

(381 citation statements)

References 47 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

328

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Given that impulsive choice is reduced by acute elevation of DA levels; (de Wit et al, 2002;Wade et al, 2000), a simple explanation of our findings is that NTX exerts frontal DA tone-dependent effects on tonic DA release. This is consistent with studies demonstrating opioid regulation of DA neurons (eg, Ostrowski et al, 1982;Sesack and Pickel, 1992;Oswald and Wand, 2004;Berthele et al, 2005), including those projecting to prefrontal cortex (Margolis et al, 2006).…”

Section: Discussion Ntx Effects On Impulsive Choicementioning

confidence: 60%

Endogenous Opioid Blockade and Impulsive Responding in Alcoholics and Healthy Controls

Mitchell

Fields

et al. 2006

Neuropsychopharmacol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The opioid receptor antagonist naltrexone (NTX) is one of few approved treatments for alcoholism, yet the mechanism by which it reduces drinking remains unclear. In rats, NTX reduces morphine-induced impulsive choice bias; however, nothing is known about the drug's effect on discrete aspects of impulsive behavior in humans, such as decision-making and inhibitory control. Here, we used a modified delay discounting procedure to investigate whether NTX improves decision-making or inhibitory control in humans. We measured the effect of acute NTX (50 mg) on choice between smaller sooner (SS) and larger later monetary rewards and on response errors (motor mismatch) in a high conflict condition in a group of abstinent alcoholics (AA) and healthy control subjects (CS). We previously reported that AA selected the SS option significantly more often than did CS in this paradigm. If the choice bias of AA is due to enhanced endogenous opioid signaling in response to potential reward, NTX should reduce such bias in the AA group. We found that NTX did not reliably reduce impulsive choice in the AA group; however, NTX's effect on choice bias across individuals was robustly predictable. NTX's effect on choice bias was significantly correlated with scores on Rotter's Locus of Control (LOC) scale; increasingly internal LOC scores predicted increasing likelihood of impulsive choices on NTX. In addition, we found that NTX significantly enhanced control of motor responses, particularly within the CS group. These results suggest that endogenous opioids may impair response selection during decision-making under conflict, and that NTX's effects on explicit decision-making are personality-dependent. Determining the biological basis of this dependence could have important implications for effective alcoholism treatment.

show abstract

Section: Discussion Ntx Effects On Impulsive Choicementioning

confidence: 60%

Endogenous Opioid Blockade and Impulsive Responding in Alcoholics and Healthy Controls

Mitchell

Fields

et al. 2006

Neuropsychopharmacol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Studies on the effects of dopamine agonists on behavioral measures of impulsivity have shown patterns of improvement in impulse control that are similar to the one presented here, following MDMA. D-amphetamine for example, was shown to decrease stop reaction time of healthy volunteers in a stop-signal paradigm without affecting reaction time to go trials (de Wit et al, 2000(de Wit et al, , 2002. However, opposite effects of amphetamine on behavioral tests of impulsivity have also been found when tested in long-term stimulant abusers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Surveys in Australia (Topp et al, 1999) and Spain (Gamella et al, 1997) have indicated that 40-60% of MDMA users consumed alcohol concomitantly. Theories of drug use have proposed links with risk-taking behavior and impulsivity particularly among polydrug users (de Wit et al, 2002). Studies that have examined the effect of MDMA on impulsivity in abstinent MDMA users have provided conflicting results.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute Effects of 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) on Behavioral Measures of Impulsivity: Alone and in Combination with Alcohol

Ramaekers

Kuypers

2005

Neuropsychopharmacol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The use of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) has frequently been associated with increased levels of impulsivity during abstinence. The effects of MDMA on measures of impulsivity, however, have not yet been studied during intoxication. The present study was designed to assess the acute effects of MDMA and alcohol, alone and in combination, on behavioral measures of impulsivity and risktaking behavior. A total of 18 recreational users of MDMA entered a double-blind placebo-controlled six-way crossover study. The treatments consisted of MDMA 0, 75, and 100 mg with and without alcohol. Alcohol dosing was designed to achieve a peak blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of about 0.06 g/dl during laboratory testing. Laboratory tests of impulsivity were conducted between 1.5 and 2 h post-MDMA and included a stop-signal task, a go/no-go task, and the Iowa gambling task. MDMA decreased stop reaction time in the stop-signal task indicating increased impulse control. Alcohol increased the proportion of commission errors in the stop-signal task and the go/no-go task. Signal detection analyses of alcohol-induced commission errors indicated that this effect may reflect impairment of perceptual or attentive processing rather than an increase of motor impulsivity per se. Performance in the Iowa gambling task was not affected by MDMA and alcohol, but there was a nonsignificant tendency towards improvement following alcohol intake. None of the behavioral measures of impulsivity showed a MDMA Â alcohol interaction effect. The lack of interaction indicated that the CNS stimulant effects of MDMA were never sufficient to overcome alcohol-induced impairment of impulse control or risk-taking behavior.

show abstract

“…In humans, drug-induced irrational 'wanting' has been suggested to occur via incentive sensitization in some drug addicts, which may create a motivational compulsion to take drugs again even if a drug is not particularly pleasant and even after recovery from withdrawal (Robinson and Berridge 1993;Robinson and Berridge 2003). Considerable evidence has recently emerged to bear on such excesses of desire (Boileau et al 2006;Boileau et al 2007;Camerer 2006;de Wit et al 2002;Evans et al 2006;Everitt and Robbins 2005;Finlayson et al 2007;Lawrence et al 2003;Leyton et al 2002;Leyton et al 2005;Robinson and Berridge 2003;Vanderschuren and Everitt 2005;Wiers et al 2007;Wiers and Stacy 2006).…”

Section: Dopamine-beyond Learning Too?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Affective neuroscience of pleasure: reward in humans and animals

2008

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Introduction Pleasure and reward are generated by brain circuits that are largely shared between humans and other animals. Discussion Here, we survey some fundamental topics regarding pleasure mechanisms and explicitly compare humans and animals. Conclusion Topics surveyed include liking, wanting, and learning components of reward; brain coding versus brain causing of reward; subjective pleasure versus objective hedonic reactions; roles of orbitofrontal cortex and related cortex regions; subcortical hedonic hotspots for pleasure generation; reappraisals of dopamine and pleasure-electrode controversies; and the relation of pleasure to happiness.

show abstract

Acute Administration of d-Amphetamine Decreases Impulsivity in Healthy Volunteers

Cited by 401 publications

References 47 publications

Endogenous Opioid Blockade and Impulsive Responding in Alcoholics and Healthy Controls

Endogenous Opioid Blockade and Impulsive Responding in Alcoholics and Healthy Controls

Acute Effects of 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) on Behavioral Measures of Impulsivity: Alone and in Combination with Alcohol

Affective neuroscience of pleasure: reward in humans and animals

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About