Acute Administration of Grape Seed Proanthocyanidin Extract Modulates Energetic Metabolism in Skeletal Muscle and BAT Mitochondria

Abstract

Proanthocyanidin consumption might reduce the risk of developing several pathologies, such as inflammation, oxidative stress and cardiovascular diseases. The beneficial effects of proanthocyanidins are attributed to their antioxidant properties, although they also can modulate gene expression at the transcriptional level. Little is known about the effect of proanthocyanidins on mitochondrial function and energy metabolism. In this context, the objective of this study was to determine the effect of an acute administration of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) on mitochondrial function and energy metabolism. To examine this effect, male Wistar rats fasted for fourteen hours, and then they were orally administered lard oil containing GSPE or were administered lard oil only. Liver, muscle and brown adipose tissue (BAT) were used to study enzymatic activity and gene expression of proteins related to energetic metabolism. Moreover, the gastrocnemius muscle and BAT mitochondria were used to perform high-resolution respirometry. The results showed that, after 5 h, the GSPE administration significantly lowers plasma triglycerides, free fatty acids, glycerol and urea concentrations. In skeletal muscle, GSPE lowers FATP1 mRNA levels and increases mitochondrial oxygen consumption, using pyruvate as the substrate, suggesting a promotion of glycosidic metabolism. Furthermore, GSPE increased the genetic expression of key genes in energy metabolism such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, coactivator 1 alpha (PGC1α), and modulated the enzyme activity of proteins, which are involved in the citric acid cycle and electron transport chain (ETC) in BAT. In conclusion, GSPE affects mainly the skeletal muscle and BAT mitochondria, increasing their oxidative capacity rapidly after acute supplementation.

Flavonoid-rich Chardonnay grape seed flour supplementation ameliorates diet-induced visceral adiposity, insulin resistance, and glucose intolerance via altered adipose tissue gene expression

“…Grape seed proanthocyanidin was shown to promote mitochondrial function in the kidneys of diabetic rats and skeletal muscle and brown adipose tissue of normal rats by enhancing the mitochondrial DNA content and stimulating the expression of genes encoding for mitochondrial biogenesis factors including PGC-1α (Bao et al, 2014;Pajuelo et al, 2011). Similarly, our current study demonstrated that ChrSd supplementation up-regulates the expression of PGC-1α in HF DIO mice, suggesting a beneficial effect of ChrSd diet on HF diet-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in adipose tissue.…”

Effects of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract on pentylenetetrazole-induced kindling and associated cognitive impairment in rats

“…Dietary antioxidants may preserve mitochondrial function and energy metabolism, and have other long-term therapeutic benefits (16). The natural antioxidant, grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE), an extract from red grape seeds containing a variety of phenolic compounds, is widely marketed in China as a dietary supplement with a variety of health benefits.…”

Screening for Active Small Molecules in Mitochondrial Complex I Deficient Patient's Fibroblasts, Reveals AICAR as the Most Beneficial Compound

“…Among its numerous properties, resveratrol has been reported to have anti-oxidant activities and to activate the genetic expression of key genes in energy metabolism such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC1α). Resveratrol and grape seed extract (a proanthocyanidin) were demonstrated to have beneficial effects on mitochondrial function in several experimental models [18]–[20]. Green tea polyphenols attenuated mitochondrial dysfunction in glucose deprived glial cell cultures [21] .…”