Acute and chronic Chlamydia pneumoniae infection and inflammatory markers in coronary artery disease patients

Haider, Mehvash; Rizvi, Meher; Malik, Abida; Azam, Mohd; Rabbani, M U

doi:10.3855/jidc.1704

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(11 reference statements)

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“…Acute or persistent Chlamydia pneumoniae infection, as detected with polymerase chain reaction, was shown to correlate to CAD risk [15]. Acute or persistent Chlamydia pneumoniae infection, as detected with polymerase chain reaction, was shown to correlate to CAD risk [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Infections activate host immune responses, and there is evidence that they promote the process of atherosclerosis. Acute or persistent Chlamydia pneumoniae infection, as detected with polymerase chain reaction, was shown to correlate to CAD risk [15]. Studies propose a central role of interferon-gamma, suggesting an increased role of inflammation and inflammatory markers, not only in the initiation but also in the progression of cardiovascular diseases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Inflammatory markers in coronary artery disease

et al. 2012

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Coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the most common manifestations of atherosclerosis. Inflammation is considered one of the major processes that contribute to atherogenesis. Inflammation plays an important role not only on the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis but also on plaque rupture, an event that leads to acute vascular events. Various biomarkers express different pathways and pathophysiologic mechanisms of cardiovascular disease, and inflammatory biomarkers express different parts of the atherogenic process, regarding the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis or the destabilization of the atherosclerotic plaque. Therefore, inflammatory biomarkers may prove to be useful in the detection, staging, and prognosis of patients with CAD. Furthermore, the fact that inflammatory processes are essential steps in the course of the disease offers future therapeutic targets for the interruption of the atherogenic process or for the management of acute events.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inflammatory markers in coronary artery disease

et al. 2012

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“…However, recent reports (both serological studies and studies of outbreaks in confined populations [43,44]) show that it is still a widespread and successful respiratory pathogen. In addition to respiratory infections, C. pneumoniae has been linked with several other chronic conditions, most notably cardiovascular inflammatory diseases such as atherosclerosis, abdominal aortic aneurisms, and valvular lesions (45)(46)(47)(48). While there is a body of published evidence linking C. pneumoniae and cardiovascular disease, a causal link remains to be definitively proven and is considered controversial by some.…”

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confidence: 99%

Evolution to a Chronic Disease Niche Correlates with Increased Sensitivity to Tryptophan Availability for the Obligate Intracellular Bacterium Chlamydia pneumoniae

Huston

Barker

Chacko

2014

Journal of Bacteriology

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bThe chlamydiae are obligate intracellular parasites that have evolved specific interactions with their various hosts and host cell types to ensure their successful survival and consequential pathogenesis. The species Chlamydia pneumoniae is ubiquitous, with serological studies showing that most humans are infected at some stage in their lifetime. While most human infections are asymptomatic, C. pneumoniae can cause more-severe respiratory disease and pneumonia and has been linked to chronic diseases such as asthma, atherosclerosis, and even Alzheimer's disease. The widely dispersed animal-adapted C. pneumoniae strains cause an equally wide range of diseases in their hosts. It is emerging that the ability of C. pneumoniae to survive inside its target cells, including evasion of the host's immune attack mechanisms, is linked to the acquisition of key metabolites. Tryptophan and arginine are key checkpoint compounds in this host-parasite battle. Interestingly, the animal strains of C. pneumoniae have a slightly larger genome, enabling them to cope better with metabolite restrictions. It therefore appears that as the evolutionarily more ancient animal strains have evolved to infect humans, they have selectively become more "susceptible" to the levels of key metabolites, such as tryptophan. While this might initially appear to be a weakness, it allows these human C. pneumoniae strains to exquisitely sense host immune attack and respond by rapidly reverting to a persistent phase. During persistence, they reduce their metabolic levels, halting progression of their developmental cycle, waiting until the hostile external conditions have passed before they reemerge.

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“…Coronary artery atherosclerosis is considered as the main cause of cardiac disease. 3 Atherosclerosis is a common pathological process associated with acute and chronic coronary heart disease and ischemic stroke. Inflammation seems to be a key event in the development and progression of atherosclerosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8 It is reported that India have the highest risk of CAD and the prevalence of CAD in India has recently been estimated to be 11%. 3 Serological studies indicate a prevalence rate of C. pneumoniae 40-70% in many countries. 9 Hence present study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence of C. pneumoniae antibody and association of chronic infection with CAD.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

ASSOCIATION OF CHLAMYDIA PNEUMONIAE IgG AND IgA ANTIBODY IN CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE

Sadananda

Venkatesha

et al. 2015

Int J Res Med Sci

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Coronary artery disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in humans and is predicted to be the leading cause of death in the world. 1 The major pathologic process underlying the cardiovascular disease is atherosclerosis, which progresses over many years, influenced by individual's genetic constitution and important "environmental" risk factors. 2 For decades research on the pathogenesis of vascular disease has been focused on classical risk factors, including hyperlipidemia, hypertension, smoking, diabetes, sex, age, and familial history. However, not all cases can be explained by these well-defined risk factors. 3 Therefore, the search for novel potential risk factors is continuing. 4 Various infectious pathogens, including Helicobacter pylori, Cytomegalovirus, Herpes simplex virus, and C. pneumoniae, have been considered as potential risk factors for vascular diseases. 5,6 Chlamydia pneumoniae, a gram negative obligate intracellular bacterium, ubiquitous respiratory pathogen can initiate inflammation and lead to ABSTRACT Background: Cardiovascular disease, resulting from atherosclerosis, is a leading cause of global morbidity and mortality. Classical risk factors explain much of the attributable risk for cardiovascular events, but other risk factors for the development and progression of atherosclerosis, which can be identified, may be important therapeutic targets. Infectious agents, such as Chlamydia pneumoniae, have been proposed as contributory factors in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. The present study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence of C. pneumoniae antibodies and to study the association of chronic C. pneumoniae infection with Coronary Artery Disease (CAD). Methods: The study group included 90 angiographically proven CAD patients and age and sex matched 90 normal coronaries as control group. With total aseptic precaution 3 ml blood was collected. Enzyme linked immunosorbant assay was performed for all subjects to detect the presence of IgG and IgA antibodies to Chlamydia pneumoniae (Cp). Results: IgG and IgA Cp antibodies were detected in 67.8% and 58.9% CAD patients compared to 45.6% and 11.1% controls. IgG + IgA Cp antibodies were detected in 88.9% CAD patients when compared to 50.0% controls. Seroprevalence of IgG and IgA Cp antibodies were high among CAD patients compared to controls and was found statistically significant. A significant presence of Chlamydia pneumoniae antibodies was detected in smokers, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. Conclusion: In the present study, the seroprevalence of IgG and IgA Cp antibodies was found to be higher in CAD patients compared to controls. The present study supports the association between Chlamydia pneumoniae infection and Coronary artery disease.

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Acute and chronic Chlamydia pneumoniae infection and inflammatory markers in coronary artery disease patients

Cited by 12 publications

References 13 publications

Inflammatory markers in coronary artery disease

Inflammatory markers in coronary artery disease

Evolution to a Chronic Disease Niche Correlates with Increased Sensitivity to Tryptophan Availability for the Obligate Intracellular Bacterium Chlamydia pneumoniae

ASSOCIATION OF CHLAMYDIA PNEUMONIAE IgG AND IgA ANTIBODY IN CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE

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