Acute and chronic effects of Bisphenol A on hormonal disruption and histological alterations in the freshwater clam, Caelatura nilotica (Cailliaud, 1827)

Abstract

Freshwater bivalves play important ecological roles, especially in shallow waters; rivers, lakes, and estuaries. Bivalves are widely used to assess environmental pollution because they respond with measurable physiological and morphological change. Additionally, they cannot escape pollution and therefore serve as sessile bioindicators. So, they can tolerate and accumulate high levels of heavy metals, pesticides and hormonal disrupting chemicals and then show signs of pathology (

Effect of Water Pollution by Organophosphate Pesticides on Seasonal Distribution of Freshwater Macrophytes and Snails in Egypt

“…The molluscs, including snails, represent 80% of the aquatic invertebrate species (Haszprunar & Wanninger, 2012). Snails are the most abundant molluscan group in the aquatic systems, and they have been used as excellent indicators of the ecosystem's health (Sheir et al, 2020). Moreover, snails are amongst the most vulnerable species since they are part of the slow-moving benthic fauna, which is easily influenced by pesticides discharged into the environment.…”