Acute and Chronic Electroconvulsive Seizures (ECS) Differentially Regulate the Expression of Epigenetic Machinery in the Adult Rat Hippocampus

Pusalkar, Madhavi; Ghosh, Shreya; Jaggar, Minal; Husain, Basma F.A.; Galande, Sanjeev; Vaidya, Vidita A.

doi:10.1093/ijnp/pyw040

Cited by 13 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…Increased expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) (52, 53) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) (54) are also reported with ECS or ECT in humans, and have been linked to changes in behavior (52, 55). Further, ECS elicits a number of hippocampal epigenetic modifications, including GADD45B-dependent DNA demethylation (56), and the alteration of histone and DNA modifying enzymes (57), which may influence structural neuroplasticity at both the macro and micro-scale.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Volume of the Human Hippocampus and Clinical Response Following Electroconvulsive Therapy

Oltedal

Narr

Abbott

et al. 2018

Biological Psychiatry

155

165

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Volume of the Human Hippocampus and Clinical Response Following Electroconvulsive Therapy

Oltedal

Narr

Abbott

et al. 2018

Biological Psychiatry

155

165

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“…Benson-Martin and colleagues provided an overview of the genetic pathways involved in the mechanisms of action of ECT treatment [ 114 ]. Finally, de Jong and colleagues and others reported that ECT resulted in a robust impact on epigenetic mechanisms [ 115 , 116 ].…”

Section: Non-pharmacological Rapid-acting Treatment For Mdd: Elecmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decoding the Mechanism of Action of Rapid-Acting Antidepressant Treatment Strategies: Does Gender Matter?

Herzog

Wegener

Lieb

et al. 2019

IJMS

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Gender differences play a pivotal role in the pathophysiology and treatment of major depressive disorder. This is strongly supported by a mean 2:1 female-male ratio of depression consistently observed throughout studies in developed nations. Considering the urgent need to tailor individualized treatment strategies to fight depression more efficiently, a more precise understanding of gender-specific aspects in the pathophysiology and treatment of depressive disorders is fundamental. However, current treatment guidelines almost entirely neglect gender as a potentially relevant factor. Similarly, the vast majority of animal experiments analysing antidepressant treatment in rodent models exclusively uses male animals and does not consider gender-specific effects. Based on the growing interest in innovative and rapid-acting treatment approaches in depression, such as the administration of ketamine, its metabolites or electroconvulsive therapy, this review article summarizes the evidence supporting the importance of gender in modulating response to rapid acting antidepressant treatment. We provide an overview on the current state of knowledge and propose a framework for rodent experiments to ultimately decode gender-dependent differences in molecular and behavioural mechanisms involved in shaping treatment response.

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“…Multiple methods have been employed to examine the extent to which ECS induces changes in neurogenesis, synaptogenesis, and synaptic plasticity 5,6,7,8,9,11,40 . Electrophysiological recordings of excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC) are widely used to detect the changes in the synaptic strength of glutamatergic excitatory synapses 21 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, global elevation of brain activity by ECS alters the abundance of transcripts, such as a brain derived neurotropic factor 6 , and multiple proteins, including metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 7 and the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) type glutamate receptor subunits 7 . These changes are involved in mediating long-term modification of synapse number, structure, and strength in the hippocampus 7,8,9 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electroconvulsive Seizures in Rats and Fractionation of Their Hippocampi to Examine Seizure-induced Changes in Postsynaptic Density Proteins

Jang

Jeong

Chung

2017

JoVE

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Electroconvulsive seizure (ECS) is an experimental animal model of electroconvulsive therapy, the most effective treatment for severe depression. ECS induces generalized tonic-clonic seizures with low mortality and neuronal death and is a widely-used model to screen anti-epileptic drugs. Here, we describe an ECS induction method in which a brief 55-mA current is delivered for 0.5 s to male rats 200 - 250 g in weight via ear-clip electrodes. Such bilateral stimulation produced stage 4 - 5 clonic seizures that lasted about 10 s. After the cessation of acute or chronic ECS, most rats recovered to be behaviorally indistinguishable from sham "no seizure" rats. Because ECS globally elevates brain activity, it has also been used to examine activity-dependent alterations of synaptic proteins and their effects on synaptic strength using multiple methods. In particular, subcellular fractionation of the postsynaptic density (PSD) in combination with Western blotting allows for the quantitative determination of the abundance of synaptic proteins at this specialized synaptic structure. In contrast to a previous fractionation method that requires large amount of rodent brains, we describe here a small-scale fractionation method to isolate the PSD from the hippocampi of a single rat, without sucrose gradient centrifugation. Using this method, we show that the isolated PSD fraction contains postsynaptic membrane proteins, including PSD95, GluN2B, and GluA2. Presynaptic marker synaptophysin and soluble cytoplasmic protein α-tubulin were excluded from the PSD fraction, demonstrating successful PSD isolation. Furthermore, chronic ECS decreased GluN2B expression in the PSD, indicating that our small-scale PSD fractionation method can be applied to detect the changes in hippocampal PSD proteins from a single rat after genetic, pharmacological, or mechanical treatments.

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Acute and Chronic Electroconvulsive Seizures (ECS) Differentially Regulate the Expression of Epigenetic Machinery in the Adult Rat Hippocampus

Cited by 13 publications

References 72 publications

Volume of the Human Hippocampus and Clinical Response Following Electroconvulsive Therapy

Volume of the Human Hippocampus and Clinical Response Following Electroconvulsive Therapy

Decoding the Mechanism of Action of Rapid-Acting Antidepressant Treatment Strategies: Does Gender Matter?

Electroconvulsive Seizures in Rats and Fractionation of Their Hippocampi to Examine Seizure-induced Changes in Postsynaptic Density Proteins

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