Acute and chronic inflammation in pediatric patients receiving hemodialysis

Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines in Chronic Pediatric Dialysis Patients

“…However, our patients' mean proinflammatory cytokine levels generally were several-fold greater than those in the published control subjects; therefore, it would be unlikely that our observations were random. Furthermore, these levels are similar to what we saw in our previous study (9). Finally, the main focus of this study was not to assess cytokine values per se but to assess the effect of aspirin on their levels; because we could not have justified prescribing aspirin therapy to control children, we could not have compared the values after treatment with those of the control subjects.…”

“…We previously showed that the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1␤ and TNF-␣ increased significantly after hemodialysis (HD), whereas there was only a mild increase in the antiinflammatory cytokine IL-10, suggesting an imbalance of cytokine production favoring the proinflammatory response. Consistent with the enhanced inflammatory state were the elevated C-reactive protein levels in a majority of the patients whom we studied (9) and that the degree of inflammation correlated with the number of years that patients lived with ESRD (dialysis vintage). A recent study showed that there is increased oxidant stress and early cardiovascular damage in children with various stages of renal insufficiency, although the cohort included only a small number of patients who were receiving dialysis (10).…”

“…Recent evidence suggests a cascade of events that result in the chronic proinflammatory condition in ESRD, as a result of persistent stimulation of the immune system. Indeed, our previous study in children showed that immediately and 24 h after dialysis, there is an increase in proinflammatory serum cytokines (9).…”

“…Absorbance was read at 450 nm. Results initially were calculated by OD and converted to pg/ml by log-log computation with application according to the standard curve (9).…”

Renal Transplantation Is Associated with Improved Clinical Outcomes in Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis

“…Another study involving pediatric patients on maintenance HD demonstrated that 30 minutes after HD treatment, the levels of TNFalpha and IL-1-beta were significantly higher when compared to their pre-HD levels ( = 0.0008). Likewise, a positive correlation between dialysis duration and serum levels of CRP ( < 0.001), IL6 ( < 0.001), and IL-10 ( = 0.03) was also noticed [125]. This was thought to be due to a persistent uremic state.…”