Acute and chronic Q fever national surveillance – United States, 2008–2017

Cherry, Cara C.; Heitman, Kristen Nichols; Bestul, Nicolette; Kersh, Gilbert J.

doi:10.1111/zph.12896

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…In the United States, the incidence of acute Q fever is 0.36 cases per million people, and 0.09 per million people for chronic Q fever, according to Cherry et al, in their summary of data provided by the CDC. 3 C. burnetii is a gram negative obligate intracellular bacterium that was first reported in Australia by Edward Holbrook Derrick in 1937 (1). 5 , 6 Q fever is contracted through inhalation of contaminated soil, animal waste, or the placenta of an infected animal.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 In the United States (US), the incidence of acute Q fever is 0.36 per million people. 3 Although Q fever infection is rare in the US, awareness of the disease presentation, diagnosis, and management are vital as it has been categorized as a potential bioterrorism pathogen by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 1 Furthermore, an outbreak reported in the Netherlands from 2007 to 2010 demonstrates the potential C. burnetii carries in becoming a significant public health issue.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Case report of Acute Q fever with Hepatitis progressing to Chronic Q fever with Endocarditis

Jama¹,

Sheehy²,

Mohamed³

et al. 2023

Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives

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A 35-year-old male greenhouse worker presented with myalgia, fatigue, and fever. Initially, he was thought to have an unspecified viral infection and was treated with conservative therapy. However, the patient’s symptoms persisted, and he reported additional symptoms of mild abdominal pain and headaches. Laboratory evaluation was significant for elevated liver enzymes. Due to concern for acute hepatitis and persistent fever the patient was hospitalized. During his hospital course, no infectious etiology was found to explain his symptoms. After discharge from the hospital, additional testing showed positive serology for Q fever IgG phase II antibody (1:8192) and phase II antibody IgM (>1:2048). He was treated with doxycycline and had a good clinical response. Upon follow-up, he had worsening Phase I IgG serologies. Transesophageal echo demonstrated vegetations consistent with endocarditis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Case report of Acute Q fever with Hepatitis progressing to Chronic Q fever with Endocarditis

Jama¹,

Sheehy²,

Mohamed³

et al. 2023

Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives

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“…Before 1989, only 234 cases had been reported in the literature [ 12 ]. The incidence of Q fever, although still rare, has doubled in the US from 2008 to 2017 [ 13 ]. Our study shows that inpatient frequency is also trending up between 2010 and 2019.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inpatient Q Fever Frequency Is on the Rise

Mohamad Alahmad,

Hammoud

2023

Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiolog

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Background. Q fever is a zoonotic bacterial infection caused by Coxiella burnetii that is reportable in the USA. This infection is often asymptomatic; acute infection usually manifests as a self-limited febrile illness, hepatitis, or pneumonia. Chronic infection (usually infective endocarditis) often affects patients with valvulopathy or immunosuppression. Herein, we study the inpatient frequency of Q fever in the United States. Methods. We used a nationwide inpatient sample (NIS) for our retrospective cohort study to include hospitalizations with a diagnosis of Q fever between 2010 and 2019. Survey procedures were applied to accommodate for complex sampling design of NIS. Chi-square and least-square means were used for categorical and continuous variables, respectively. Jonckheere–Terpstra test was used to study the trends over the years. SAS 9.4 was used for data mining and analysis. Results. A total of 2,685 hospitalizations with a diagnosis of Q fever were included, among which 451 (17%) cases had a concurrent diagnosis of infective endocarditis. The mean age of patients was 58 years, and less than a third was female. Our analysis demonstrated that infective endocarditis was the most common cardiac complication associated with Q fever and was associated with increased inpatient mortality (p value <0.001). There is a trend of an increase in cases of inpatient Q fever with or without endocarditis over the years (p value <0.05). Q fever cases were more common across the Pacific and the South Atlantic divisions. Conclusion. Physicians should be aware of an increasing trend of hospitalized patients with Q fever and the significant association with infective endocarditis. Further studies are needed.

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“…The expansion of ticks’ territories over the last century has contributed to this rise in cases, which will continue because of climate change resulting in the further expansion of ticks into new regions ( Sonenshine, 2018 ). Another obligate intracellular bacterium not known but potentially transmitted by ticks is Coxiella burnetii where cases of Q fever have doubled in the USA in the same period ( Cherry et al., 2022 ). On the opposite side of the world Orientia tsutsugamuschi causes >1 million cases a year of scrub thyphus transmitted by chiggers, which is found primarily in southeast Asia but has an expanding territory and where the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains is a significant concern ( Luce-Fedrow et al., 2018 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaccine development: obligate intracellular bacteria new tools, old pathogens: the current state of vaccines against obligate intracellular bacteria

van Schaik,

Fratzke,

Gregory

et al. 2024

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Obligate intracellular bacteria have remained those for which effective vaccines are unavailable, mostly because protection does not solely rely on an antibody response. Effective antibody-based vaccines, however, have been developed against extracellular bacteria pathogens or toxins. Additionally, obligate intracellular bacteria have evolved many mechanisms to subvert the immune response, making vaccine development complex. Much of what we know about protective immunity for these pathogens has been determined using infection-resolved cases and animal models that mimic disease. These studies have laid the groundwork for antigen discovery, which, combined with recent advances in vaccinology, should allow for the development of safe and efficacious vaccines. Successful vaccines against obligate intracellular bacteria should elicit potent T cell memory responses, in addition to humoral responses. Furthermore, they ought to be designed to specifically induce strong cytotoxic CD8+ T cell responses for protective immunity. This review will describe what we know about the potentially protective immune responses to this group of bacteria. Additionally, we will argue that the novel delivery platforms used during the Sars-CoV-2 pandemic should be excellent candidates to produce protective immunity once antigens are discovered. We will then look more specifically into the vaccine development for Rickettsiaceae, Coxiella burnetti, and Anaplasmataceae from infancy until today. We have not included Chlamydia trachomatis in this review because of the many vaccine related reviews that have been written in recent years.

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Acute and chronic Q fever national surveillance – United States, 2008–2017

Cited by 11 publications

References 35 publications

Case report of Acute Q fever with Hepatitis progressing to Chronic Q fever with Endocarditis

Case report of Acute Q fever with Hepatitis progressing to Chronic Q fever with Endocarditis

Inpatient Q Fever Frequency Is on the Rise

Vaccine development: obligate intracellular bacteria new tools, old pathogens: the current state of vaccines against obligate intracellular bacteria

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