Acute and Maintenance Electroconvulsive Therapy for Treatment of Severely Disabling Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms in a Patient With Asperger Syndrome

Nilsson, Björn M.; Ekselius, Lisa

doi:10.1097/yct.0b013e31819746bc

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Among the included studies, the overall risk of bias across all available intervention studies was high (Table 2). The majority of included studies used a case report or case series design ( n = 7; 37%), with very little description of the methods used to confirm autism diagnosis, implementation methods, and measure outcomes (Enticott et al, 2011; Hsieh et al, 2014; Nilsson & Ekselius, 2009; Roser et al, 2009; Sajith et al, 2017; Wachtel et al, 2010; Weiss & Lunsky, 2010). Three studies (16%) used a single-subject design (Brundage et al, 2013; Campillo et al, 2014; Tiger et al, 2009); however, only two of those included a multiple baseline design as a control.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among the included studies, 32% ( n = 6) implemented medical interventions to address health outcomes among autistic adults (Table 3), with the most frequently occurring medical intervention being “electroconvulsive therapy” (ECT; n = 3 studies; Nilsson & Ekselius, 2009; Sajith et al, 2017; Wachtel et al, 2010), one study describing the use of a pharmacological intervention (Roser et al, 2009), one study describing a multi-component intervention in the intensive care unit for respiratory distress (Hsieh et al, 2014), and one study describing the use of deep transcutaneous magnetic stimulation to the brain (Enticott et al, 2011). None of the medical interventions used strong study designs, and a high risk of bias is present for these interventions; thus, all medical interventions are considered to be unestablished evidence for intervention .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For ECT specifically, only four cases of adults ages 19–38 years, primarily with co-occurring intellectual disability, have been reported in the peer-reviewed literature to use this intervention (Nilsson & Ekselius, 2009; Sajith et al, 2017; Wachtel et al, 2010). None of the participants provided their own consent to participate (parental consent was obtained in all cases).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interventions to address health outcomes among autistic adults: A systematic review

Benevides

Shore

Andresen³

et al. 2020

Autism

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Research has shown that autistic adults have poor health outcomes. We conducted a systematic review to identify existing interventions to address health outcomes for autistic adults and to determine whether these interventions address the priorities of the autistic community. We searched PubMed for articles that included an intervention, a primary health outcome measured at the individual (not system) level, and a sample population of at least 50% autistic adults. Studies were excluded if they were not peer-reviewed, had a focus on caregivers, were expert opinions on specific interventions, untested protocols, or interventions without a primary health outcome. Out of the 778 articles reviewed, 19 were found to meet the stated criteria. Based on the evidence gathered, two were considered emerging evidence-based approaches: cognitive behavioral approaches and mindfulness. The remaining interventions included in the review did not have sufficient evidence to support current use with this population. The majority of the studies included samples of young autistic adults, primarily male, without an intellectual disability. Anxiety, quality of life, depression, and behavioral issues were among the health outcomes measured in the final included articles. More research on preferred interventions with prioritized health outcomes of the autistic adult population is needed. Lay abstract Autistic adults have more health problems then their same-aged peers. Yet little research has been conducted that focuses on addressing these health problems. In order to guide future research, it is important to know what intervention studies have been done to improve health outcomes among autistic adults. The project team and student assistants read studies that were published between 2007 and 2018 in the online research database, PubMed. We looked for studies published in English, which were peer-reviewed and included (1) an intervention, (2) an outcome that was related to health, and (3) a study group that included autistic adults. We did not include studies that had outcomes about employment (unless there was a health outcome), studies about caregivers or caregiving, or expert opinions about interventions. Of 778 reviewed articles, 19 studies met all of the criteria above. Within these studies, two approaches were found to have emerging evidence for their use in autistic adults: cognitive behavioral interventions and mindfulness-based approaches for improved mental health outcomes. The remaining intervention approaches did not have enough articles to support their use. Many of the outcomes were about reduced symptoms of co-occurring mental health diagnoses (e.g. reduced anxiety, depression). Most of the participants in these studies were male and did not have intellectual disability. Most study participants were adults younger than 40. There are not many intervention studies that address health outcomes among autistic adults. More research is needed on interventions which are desired by the adult autism community and address preferred health outcomes such as increased quality of life or well-being.

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