Acute and sub-chronic oral toxicity studies of the leaves aqueous extract of Clerodendrum umbellatum Poir. on mice

Abstract

Aim: The schistosomicidal activity of Clerodendrum umbellatum leaves aqueous extract (CuAE) has been previously demonstrated. The present study was performed to establish the acute and sub-chronic oral toxicity profile of CuAE in mice. Methods: For acute oral toxicity study, CuAE was administered per os to female mice at a single dose of 2,000 mg/kg. Animals were observed for 14 days in order to identify the signs of toxicity or death. In the repeated dose 28-day oral toxicity study, the extract was administered daily and per os to female and male mice at doses of 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg for 28 consecutive days. A satellite group was also set up. Body weight was measured weekly. Hematological, biochemical, and histopathological parameters were analyzed. Results: CuAE at 2,000 mg/kg produced no sign of toxicity or mortality. In the sub-chronic toxicity study, no mortality, no significant change in the body weight, the relative organ weights, and the hematological parameters were recorded in all treated mice. CuAE at 400 mg/kg significantly increased transaminases activities in male mice. Except for creatinine and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol in which concentrations are increased after administration of CuAE at 800 mg/kg, the levels of others biochemical markers didn't change. Histopathological abnormalities found in the kidneys were reversible. Conclusion: These results indicated that the LD 50 of CuAE is greater than 2,000 mg/kg and CuAE, therefore, belongs to the category five of relatively non-toxic substances. From the sub-chronic toxicity study, the no-observed-adverse-effect level of CuAE for both male and female mice was considered to be 200 mg/kg/day.

Acute and sub-chronic oral toxicity study of purple sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas [L.] Lam) yogurt in mice (Mus musculus)

“…The data showed slight changes in the mice's body weight (Figure -4). Body-weight variation is the first sign of toxicity and a substantial indication of drug and chemical adverse effects in animals [22,23]. In this study, there were no statistically significant differences in body weight among groups, indicating no toxic effect of biochemical substances contained in PSPY.…”

The in vivo toxicity evaluation of leaf and root methanolic extracts of Tephrosia vogelii Hook.f using animal model

“…However, little is done to carry out toxicity evaluation of such herbal medicines. The toxicity evaluation of herbal medicines is necessary because evidence has shown that some herbal bioactive agents have negative effects contributed with secondary metabolites [3,[6][7][8][40][41][42][43] Our study aimed to determine toxicity of root and leaf methanolic extracts of T. vogelii regarding the reported ethnopharmacological potentiality. Explicitly, the lethality (LD 50 ) and sub-acute toxicity of methanolic leaf and root extracts of T. vogelii were evaluated using the animal model.…”

“…There is enough evidence that shows that herbal medicines can have negative effects on animals and humans [3,[7][8][9]. Thus, the common belief that those concoctions from medicinal plants are natural and generally regarded as safe (grass) does not always hold true.…”

Soluble melanins of the Randia echinocarpa fruit – Structural characteristics and toxicity

“…Considering that alterations in the hematological parameters have high predictive value for toxicity (Jatsa et al, ; Mukinda & Syce, ). Thus, the results in this study supported that the SMBT is innocuous.…”