Acute and sub-chronic toxicological assessment of Nannochloropsis oculata in rats

Kafaie, Soroush; Loh, Su Peng; Mohtarrudin, Norhafizah

doi:10.5897/ajar11.1793

Cited by 12 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Acute toxicity tests in rats administered biomass of N. oculata by oral gavage revealed no effects (LD 50 ≥ 12 g/kg) [8] , [9] . Similarly, no treatment-related effects were seen in rats treated with 3000 or 6000 mg/kg/day N. oculata biomass by oral gavage daily for 60 days (NOAEL ≥ 6000 mg/kg/day) [8] . However, this previously conducted study only focused on the potential nephrotoxicity or hepatotoxicity of a nonviable N. oculata biomass, not to the potential pathogenicity of the viable organism.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Prior to this study, the toxicity of Nannochloropsis species algae has been assessed in rats following acute and subchronic (up to 60 days) administration [8] , [9] , [10] as well as in pregnant rats during mating and through pregnancy and lactation [11] . Acute toxicity tests in rats administered biomass of N. oculata by oral gavage revealed no effects (LD 50 ≥ 12 g/kg) [8] , [9] . Similarly, no treatment-related effects were seen in rats treated with 3000 or 6000 mg/kg/day N. oculata biomass by oral gavage daily for 60 days (NOAEL ≥ 6000 mg/kg/day) [8] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A transient decrease in food consumption occurred at days 1–4 in the male rats, but returned to the control range for the remainder of the study. Non-viable N. oculata biomass has been provided to Sprague-Dawley rats for 60 days with significant increases in body weight gains, compared to control rats [8] . However, it was not stated that the diets in this study were isocaloric.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Safety assessment of the microalgae Nannochloropsis oculata

Kagan¹,

Matulka²

2015

Toxicology Reports

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Nannochloropsis oculata is a marine-water microalgae that is considered to be a good source of omega-3 fatty acids, specifically eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), utilized in the production of an omega-3 oil for use as a dietary supplement. This study investigates the safety of N. oculata in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats administered a 0 or 10 mL/kg bw/rat N. oculata (10E8 viable cells/mL) suspension by oral gavage once daily for 14 consecutive days. No mortalities occurred and no signs of toxicity were observed during the study. No treatment-related effects were seen for body weight, food consumption, urinalysis, clinical chemistry, hematology, gross pathology, organ weights, or histopathology. Although statistically significant effects were noted for some endpoints, none were considered to be of toxicological significance. The N. oculata suspension was concluded to have no toxicity in rats, confirming that the algal strain used in the production of omega-3 oil is not pathogenic when administered orally to rats.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Safety assessment of the microalgae Nannochloropsis oculata

Kagan¹,

Matulka²

2015

Toxicology Reports

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“…The increase in parameters such as WBC, HCT and HB, observed in Guinea pigs on day D14 post-treatment can be explained by the excessive production of haematopoietic regulatory factors (Kafaie et al ., 2012). These observations show that Drepanoalpha would prevent painful attacks in sickle cell disease patients and are in perfect agreement with our previous work on Drepanoalpha (Mpiana et al ., 2016; Ngbolua et al ., 2014; Gbolo et al ., 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vivo Evaluation and in silico Prediction of the Toxicity of Drepanoalpha Hard capsules

Zoawe

Koto-Te-Nyiwa

Sha-Tshibey

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Drepanoalpha® hard capsules, a dry ethanolic extract (drug-extract ratio, 100/11) of a mixture of Justicia secunda Vahl and Moringa oleifera Lam dried leaves (1: 1, w/w) are used for the management of sickle cell disease in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Aim of the study: This phytomedicine safety was investigated by acute and sub-acute administration in Guinea pigs. Materials and methods: Healthy, male and nulliparous and non-pregnant female Guinea pigs were obtained from Laboratory of Animal Experimentation and Toxicology of the Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Kinshasa. The animals were randomly selected, marked and divided into 2 groups of 5 animals each (3 males and 2 females) and 4 groups of 3 animals each for acute and sub-acute toxicity studies, respectively. The contents of hard capsules were dissolved in normal saline solution (NaCl 0.9 %). Animals received by gavage a single dose of 5000 mg/ kg of body weight (B.W.) of Drepanoalpha® hard capsules (acute toxicity) and 125 mg/ kg, 250 mg/ kg and 500 mg/ kg of B.W. twice daily for 28 days (sub-acute toxicity). Normal saline solution was used as control. Hematological, biochemical and histopathological analyses were performed and the behavior of the animals was observed after treatment. Results: The median lethal dose (LD50) is higher than 5000 mg/ kg of B.W., and the relative weights of vital organs (kidneys, liver and heart) collected from Guinea pigs at the end of treatment on D14 (acute toxicity) and D28 (sub-acute toxicity) has not undergone significant changes (p > 0.05). The results of haematological (red and white blood cells counts, haemoglobin, haematocrit) and biochemical (ALT, AST, albumin, total protein) tests did not show significant differences between control and test groups (α=0.05 for acute toxicity), while the histopathological study revealed no damage to the various organs excised. Conclusion: The results indicate the safety of Drepanoalpha® hard capsules, confirming previous studies, in rats and Guinea pigs, based on aqueous decoction of its raw herbs mixtures and the corresponding lyophilizate. Keywords: Acute toxicity, Sub-acute toxicity, Drepanoalpha® hard capsules

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“…It has bioactive compounds able to minimize the production of free radicals and enhance antioxidant strength (Borges et al 2011;Yanuhar et al 2011), and is reported to have high levels of proteins, as well as flavonoids, tannins, glycosides, alkaloids, and saponins, which are beneficial for lowering cholesterol, and can be developed into functional food ingredients (Fithriani and Ambarwaty 2020) An in vitro study by Revianti and Kristanti (2013) showed that N. oculata extract is non-toxic to fibroblast stem cells up to a threshold concentration of 2.5%, while above this concentration it was toxic. Kafaie et al (2012) reported non-toxic effects of N. oculata at 12 g/kg of body weight (bw) per day in an acute toxicity study and 6 g/kg of bw in a sub-chronic toxicity study of rats. Therefore, our study aimed to determine the efficacy of N. oculata extract as a natural anti-inflammatory drug in rats infected with A. actinomycetemcomitans by measuring the expression of TNF-α, OPG, and IL-10 in periodontal ligaments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of oral irrigation with an extract of green microalga Nannochloropsis oculata as an anti-inflammatory in rats infected with Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans

et al. 2020

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Abstract. Revianti S, Andriani D, Parisihni K, Wahjuningsih E, Widyastuti. 2020. Effectiveness of oral irrigation with an extract of green microalga Nannochloropsis oculata as an anti-inflammatory in rats infected with Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. Biodiversitas 21: 2977-2981. Aggressive periodontitis is strongly correlated with Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, a periodontopathic bacterium, which releases endotoxins and lipopolysaccharides (LPS). LPS acts as a stimulus to a variety of host cells that can promote the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as the tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), in periodontal disease. The marine green microalga Nannochloropsis oculata has anti-inflammatory properties. This study aimed to examine the anti-inflammatory efficacy of oral irrigation with N. oculata extract against periodontitis induced by A. actinomycetemcomitans in a rat model. Twenty-four male Wistar rats were divided randomly into four groups (n = 6). First control group was without any treatment, the second to fourth groups were infected with A. actinomycetemcomitans and then orally irrigated with N. oculata extract at concentrations of 2.375%, 2.5%, and 2.625%. The mandibles of the euthanized rats were hemisected to measure the expression of TNF-α, interleukin-10 (IL-10, an anti-inflammatory cytokine), and osteoprotegerin (OPG) by immunohistochemistry. The first group (control) showed significantly higher expression of TNF-α and significantly lower expression of IL-10 and OPG compared to the other groups. Oral irrigation with N. oculata extracts reduced the expression of TNF-α and enhanced the expression of IL-10 and OPG in rats infected with A. actinomycetemcomitans. The effective concentration of N. oculata extract as an anti-inflammatory for oral irrigation was 2.375%.

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Acute and sub-chronic toxicological assessment of Nannochloropsis oculata in rats

Cited by 12 publications

References 12 publications

Safety assessment of the microalgae Nannochloropsis oculata

Safety assessment of the microalgae Nannochloropsis oculata

In vivo Evaluation and in silico Prediction of the Toxicity of Drepanoalpha Hard capsules

Effectiveness of oral irrigation with an extract of green microalga Nannochloropsis oculata as an anti-inflammatory in rats infected with Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans

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