Acute and subchronic toxicity of inhaled toluene in male Long–Evans rats: Oxidative stress markers in brain

Kodavanti, Prasada Rao S.; Royland, Joyce E.; Moore-Smith, Debra A.; Besas, Jonathan; Richards, Judy E.; Beasley, Tracey E.; Evansky, Paul A.; Bushnell, Philip J.

doi:10.1016/j.neuro.2015.09.001

Cited by 26 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Konuk et al (2012) reported that sub-chronic thinner inhalation in rats increased free radical production. Additionally, exposure to sub-chronic toluene was reported not only to increase ROS production measures, but also to significantly affect various antioxidants (Kodavanti et al 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Safranal on Tissue Oxidative Stress in Sub-Chronic Thinner-Addicted Rats

Duz

Fidan

2020

J Hellenic Vet Med Soc

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The present study was carried out to determine the effects of sub-chronic thinner addiction on the oxidant-antioxidant balance and oxidative stress on certain tissues and the possible protective effect of safranal against thinner toxication in rats. Adult male Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into four groups of 10 animals each as follows: control (C), safranal (S), thinner (T) and thinner+safranal (T+S). The control group received 1cc saline by gastric gavage. Safranal was administered to S and T+S groups by using gastric gavage at a dose of 100 mg/kg/day and volume of 0.1 mL/kg/day. Thinner inhalation was applied to T and T+S groups in a container with NaOH tablets twice a day. Levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), nitric oxide (NO x ) metabolites, total antioxidant capacity (TAS) and total oxidant capacity (TOS) were determined in liver, lung, brain, kidney and testis tissues of the rats. In the T+S group, it was observed that the MDA levels significantly decreased in all tissues, except the kidney, in comparison to the thinner inhalation group (p = 0.000). When the NOx levels of the T+S group were compared with the levels of the T group, it was concluded that there existed a statistically significant decrease in the NOx levels in all tissues (p = 0.000).In T+S group, it was observed that safranal either eliminated or mitigated oxidative stress that developed in tissues through decreasing MDA and TOS levels and increasing GSH and TAS levels and caused significant decreases in NO X levels in all tissues. As a result, it was determined that safranal, although not uniform for all tissue types, had a protective potential against the damaging effects of oxidative stress caused by sub-chronic thinner inhalation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Safranal on Tissue Oxidative Stress in Sub-Chronic Thinner-Addicted Rats

Duz

Fidan

2020

J Hellenic Vet Med Soc

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“…For many drugs, longaccess (6 + h) models have been shown to enhance intake better than short-access models (Ahmed and Koob, 1999;Picetti et al, 2012;Vendruscolo et al, 2018). However extended access studies will need to consider the potential drawbacks of long periods of toluene exposure such as brain-wide oxidative stress (Kodavanti et al, 2015), impaired visual function that may inhibit cue recognition (Boyes et al, 2016) pulmonary inflammation (Kanter, 2011) and locomotor depression that may diminish the ability of the animal to administer the toluene vapor. Finally, studies where active response preference is the primary dependent variable (such as testing reinstatement-mitigating treatments) could consider increasing the fixed-ratio for drug responding in order to increase active responding.…”

Section: Methodological Considerations For Supporting Toluene Self-admentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-Administration of Toluene Vapor in Rats

et al. 2020

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Inhalants, including volatile organic solvents such as toluene, continue to be one of the most prevalent, and often first substances abused by adolescents. Like other drugs of abuse, toluene affects the function of neurons within key brain reward circuits including the prefrontal cortex, ventral tegmental area, and nucleus accumbens. However, preclinical models used to study these toluene-induced adaptations generally employ passive exposure paradigms that do not mirror voluntary patterns of solvent exposure observed in humans. To address this shortcoming, we developed an inhalation chamber containing active and inactive nose pokes, cue lights, flow-through vaporizers, and software-controlled valves to test the hypothesis that rats will voluntarily selfadminister toluene vapor. Following habituation and self-administration (SA) training rats achieve vapor concentrations associated with rewarding effects of toluene, and maintain responding for toluene vapor, but not for air. During extinction trials, rats showed an initial burst of drug-seeking behavior similar to that of other addictive drugs and then reduced responding to Air SA levels. Responding on the active nose poke recovered during cueinduced reinstatement but not following a single passive exposure to toluene vapor. The results from these studies establish a viable toluene SA protocol that will be useful in assessing toluene-induced changes in addiction neurocircuitry.

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“…Toluene and xylene are two of the most common VOCs encountered in occupational settings. These two VOCs have been studied with respect to their oxidative stress enhancing potential in isolated systems and in vivo . Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are compounds that cause damage to cells which must be prevented or repaired.…”

Section: Review Of Common Mechanisms Implicated In Both Als and Voc Nmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis—A case report and mechanistic review of the association with toluene and other volatile organic compounds

Ratner

Jabre

Ewing

et al. 2017

American J Industrial Med

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Unmasking of latent neurodegenerative disease has been reported following exposure to chemicals that share one or more mechanisms of action in common with those implicated in the specific disease. For example, unmasking of latent Parkinson's disease (PD) has been associated with exposure to anti-dopaminergic agents, while the progression of pre-existing mild cognitive impairment and unmasking of latent Alzheimer's disease has been associated with exposure to general anesthetic agents which promote Aβ protein aggregation. This literature review and clinical case report about a 45-year-old man with no family history of motor neuron disease who developed overt symptoms of a neuromuscular disorder in close temporal association with his unwitting occupational exposure to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) puts forth the hypothesis that exposure to VOCs such as toluene, which disrupt motor function and increase oxidative stress, can unmask latent ALS type neuromuscular disorder in susceptible individuals.

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Acute and subchronic toxicity of inhaled toluene in male Long–Evans rats: Oxidative stress markers in brain

Cited by 26 publications

References 59 publications

Effects of Safranal on Tissue Oxidative Stress in Sub-Chronic Thinner-Addicted Rats

Effects of Safranal on Tissue Oxidative Stress in Sub-Chronic Thinner-Addicted Rats

Self-Administration of Toluene Vapor in Rats

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis—A case report and mechanistic review of the association with toluene and other volatile organic compounds

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