Acute Behavioral Toxicity of Pyridostigmine or Soman in Primates

Blick, Dennis W.; Murphy, Michael R.; Brown, G. Carroll; Yochmowitz, M.G.; Fanton, John W.; Hartgraves, Stanley L.

doi:10.1006/taap.1994.1121

Cited by 32 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Among the environmental hazards that have been studied are ionizing (2,34,49) and nonionizing (41) radiation, chemical warfare agents (4,5,7,8), and chemical warfare defense pretreatments and/or therapies (6,15,30,33,48). The work reported here is part of an effort to increase the accuracy of extrapolations of performance effects from animal models to human conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The PEP task was developed at the USAF Armstrong Laboratory and has recently been used to assess the effects of nerve agents, prophylactics, antidotes and their combinations (4)(5)(6)(7)(8)15,33,48). The PEP is a continuous compensatory tracking task that should be sensitive to the effects of low to moderate levels of ethanol.…”

Section: Pep Training and Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The PEP task is a non-human primate model that the Air Force has used for more than 20 years to measure the effects of hazardous environments on performance. Among the environmental hazards that have been studied are ionizing (2,34,49) and nonionizing (41) radiation, chemical warfare agents (4,5,7,8), and chemical warfare defense pretreatments and/or therapies (6,15,30,33,48).…”

Section: Introduction-mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Non-Human Primate Model for Performance Effects of Ethanol

Blick¹,

Weathersby²,

Miller³

et al. 2000

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pep Training and Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introduction-mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Non-Human Primate Model for Performance Effects of Ethanol

Blick¹,

Weathersby²,

Miller³

et al. 2000

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“…Other authors -Nieminen et al, (1990) and Haggerty et al, (1986) have experimented and found that soman in low (4) and high (5) doses also reduces the motor activity of intoxicated rats in an open field test. Blick et al, (1994) observed in rhinotoxin infected Macaque rhesus monkeys, a balance disorder found by balancing a Latin square (6). Southern American cockroaches Blaptika dubia also alter their motor activity after tabun, sarin, cyclosarin, soman and Vx intoxication, as well as when intoxicated with the sulfur mustard and lewisite blister agents (7).…”

Section: Expositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioral changes of laboratory animals intoxicated with chemical weapons

Bozakova¹,

Ivanov²

2018

TJS

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Chemical weapons have been used repeatedly in the history of humanity for wars and terrorist acts. They have caused major insults on human health and taken many lives. The most frequent tests for the effects of chemical weapons involve various laboratory animals that are known to experience behavioral changes and disorders. The purpose of this overview is to examine the most frequent changes and disorders in the behavior of laboratory animals-mice, rats, guinea pigs, cats, and various primates intoxicated with chemical weapons.

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“…It has also been used as a prophylactic agent against possible nerve gas attack (Sapolsky, 1998;Golomb, 1999). The scientific rationale for this treatment is that PB competitively blocks the binding of irreversible organophosphate AchE inhibitors, such as soman (Blick et al, 1994). Additionally, the charge on the quaternary ammonium group on PB and its lipophobic structure prevent it from crossing the bloodbrain barrier (BBB), thus limiting central nervous system effects (Taylor, 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of combined exposure to pyridostigmine bromide and shaker stress on acoustic startle response, pre‐pulse inhibition and open field behavior in mice

Dubovický

Paton

Morris

et al. 2007

J of Applied Toxicology

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The present study investigated the effect of combined exposure of pyridostigmine bromide (PB) and chronic shaker stress on acoustic startle responses (ASR), pre-pulse inhibition (PPI) and open field behavior of adult C57BL/6J mice. PB (10 mg kg(-1) day(-1) for 7 days) or saline was administered subcutaneously using osmotic Alzet minipumps implanted under the skin on the back of the mice. At the same time, the mice were exposed to 7 days of intermittent shaker stress. They were tested for ASR (100 dB and 120 dB stimuli) and PPI (70 dB + 100 dB and 70 dB + 120 dB) in the acoustic startle monitor system. The mice were assessed during the shaker stress on days 2 and 7 and 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after discontinuation of treatment. Separate groups of mice were tested in the open field in 15 min sessions on days 1, 3 and 6 during shaker stress and PB treatment. Exposure of mice to PB resulted in an exaggerated ASR, reduced PPI and non-significant decrease in locomotor activity. These behavioral changes were apparent only during exposure to PB. Repeated shaker stress did not have any effect on sensorimotor functions or open field behavior of mice. There was no prolonged or delayed effect of PB and/or stress on individual behavioral variables. The study found C57BL/6J mice to be behaviorally sensitive to PB treatment.

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Acute Behavioral Toxicity of Pyridostigmine or Soman in Primates

Cited by 32 publications

References 0 publications

Non-Human Primate Model for Performance Effects of Ethanol

Non-Human Primate Model for Performance Effects of Ethanol

Behavioral changes of laboratory animals intoxicated with chemical weapons

Effects of combined exposure to pyridostigmine bromide and shaker stress on acoustic startle response, pre‐pulse inhibition and open field behavior in mice

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