Acute changes in blood glucose do not alter blood glutathione synthesis in adolescents with poorly controlled type 1 diabetes mellitus

Welch, Susan; Smith, Shiela D.; Sweeten, Shawn; Mauras, Nelly

doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2011.07.015

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Our data showed that type 2 diabetic patients have lower plasma glutathione concentrations and absolute synthesis rates than non-diabetic controls. So, our study, similar to others [ 12 – 15 , 18 , 22 , 23 ] demonstrates glutathione deficiency in type 2 diabetes. However, we additionally observed that glutathione concentrations and absolute synthesis rates were lower in diabetic patients with known microvascular complications compared to controls, an observation not seen in diabetic patients without complications.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…There were no significant correlations between markers of glycaemia (fasting glucose and HbA1c) and glutathione concentrations or absolute synthesis rates. Others have found that acute changes in blood glucose concentration had no appreciable effect on glutathione concentration or fractional synthesis rates in adolescents with poorly controlled type 1 diabetes [ 23 ]. This suggests that the changes in glutathione metabolism in diabetes are probably mediated by non-glycemic mechanisms and these mechanisms may be more relevant in persons with microvascular complications.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Glutathione metabolism in type 2 diabetes and its relationship with microvascular complications and glycemia

et al. 2018

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Aims/HypothesesWe hypothesized that there is decreased synthesis of glutathione (GSH) in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) especially in the presence of microvascular complications, and this is dependent on the degree of hyperglycemia.MethodsIn this case-control study, we recruited 16 patients with T2DM (7 without and 9 with microvascular complications), and 8 age- and sex-matched non-diabetic controls. We measured GSH synthesis rate using an infusion of [2H2]-glycine as isotopic tracer and collection of blood samples for liquid chromatography mass spectrometric analysis.ResultsCompared to the controls, T2DM patients had lower erythrocyte GSH concentrations (0.90 ± 0.42 vs. 0.35 ± 0.30 mmol/L; P = 0.001) and absolute synthesis rates (1.03 ± 0.55 vs. 0.50 ± 0.69 mmol/L/day; P = 0.01), but not fractional synthesis rates (114 ± 45 vs. 143 ± 82%/day; P = 0.07). The magnitudes of changes in patients with complications were greater for both GSH concentrations and absolute synthesis rates (P-values ≤ 0.01) compared to controls. There were no differences in GSH concentrations and synthesis rates between T2DM patients with and without complications (P-values > 0.1). Fasting glucose and HbA1c did not correlate with GSH concentration or synthesis rates (P-values > 0.17).ConclusionsCompared to non-diabetic controls, patients with T2DM have glutathione deficiency, especially if they have microvascular complications. This is probably due to reduced synthesis and increased irreversible utilization by non-glycemic mechanisms.

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