Acute coronary syndrome in women. Are there any special features?

Abstract

Introduction. The increasing incidence of coronary heart disease, including acute coronary syndrome, among women, the lack of public awareness of the cardiovascular risks in women and the late presentation of these patients for medical care necessitates a review of the existing literature on the problem.Purpose of the work was to systematize data on acute coronary syndrome in women and to characterize its distinctive features.Materials and methods. A literature search was conducted for the period from 2011 to 2022 in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Google Scholar using the search terms: cardiovascular diseases in women, ischemic heart disease in women, acute coronary syndrome in women and acute myocardial infarction in women. Inclusion criteria: evidence of sex differences in acute coronary syndrome. The preferred languages were Russian and English.Results and discussion. The risk factors of acute coronary syndrome in women are characterized and the data on the peculiarities of the clinic of this pathology are summarized. Data on the problem of a differentiated approach and on the determination of management tactics for patients with acute coronary syndrome are presented.Conclusion. Despite the increasing awareness of cardiovascular disease as a major cause of disability and mortality in both sexes, the attention of specialists to the problem of a differentiated approach to the management of women with ACS remains insufficient, which determines the need for in-depth research on this problem.