Acute cyanide toxicity

Allen, Andrea R.; Booker, Lamont; Rockwood, Gary A.

doi:10.1002/9781118628966.ch1

Cited by 7 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 140 publications

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“…NMR Spectroscopy. 1 H and 13 C NMR spectra of 1a−4a were obtained in DMSO-d 6 . The resonances were assigned using COSY, DEPT135, and HSQC measurements.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Acute poisoning can result if these salts come into contact with moisture and instantaneously form HCN . The acute toxicity of cyanide , calls for a highly efficient approach and a rapidly administrable treatment for cyanide poisoning. , …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…10 Acute poisoning can result if these salts come into contact with moisture and instantaneously form HCN. 11 The acute toxicity of cyanide 12,13 calls for a highly efficient approach and a rapidly administrable treatment for cyanide poisoning. 14,15 Cyanide is a noncompetitive inhibitor of cytochrome c oxidase, halting cellular respiration and resulting in hypoxic anoxia.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Water-Soluble α-Amino Acid Complexes of Molybdenum as Potential Antidotes for Cyanide Poisoning: Synthesis and Catalytic Studies of Threonine, Methionine, Serine, and Leucine Complexes

et al. 2020

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Water-soluble complexes are desirable for the aqueous detoxification of cyanide. Molybdenum complexes with α-amino acid and disulfide ligands with the formula K[(L)Mo2O2(μ-S)2(S2)] (L = leu (1), met (2), thr (3), and ser (4)) were synthesized in a reaction of [(DMF)3MoO(μ-S)2(S2)] with deprotonated α-amino acids; leu, met, thr, and ser are the carboxylate anions of l-leucine, l-methionine, l-threonine, and l-serine, respectively. Potassium salts of α-amino acids (leu (1a), met (2a), thr (3a), and ser (4a)) were prepared as precursors for complexes 1–4, respectively, by employing a nonaqueous synthesis route. The ligand exchange reaction of [Mo2O2(μ-S)2(DMF)6](I)2 with deprotonated α-amino acids afforded bis-α-amino acid complexes, [(L)2Mo2O2(μ-S)2] (6–8). A tris-α-amino acid complex, [(leu)2Mo2O2(μ-S)2(μ-leu + H)] (5; leu + H is the carboxylate anion of l-leucine with the amine protonated), formed in the reaction with leucine. 5 crystallized from methanol with a third weakly bonded leucine as a bridging bidentate carboxylate. An adduct of 8 with SCN coordinated, 9, crystallized and was structurally characterized. Complexes 1–4 are air stable and highly water-soluble chiral molecules. Cytotoxicity studies in the A549 cell line gave IC50 values that range from 80 to 400 μM. Cyclic voltammetry traces of 1–8 show solvent-dependent irreversible electrochemical behavior. Complexes 1–4 demonstrated the ability to catalyze the reaction of thiosulfate and cyanide in vitro to exhaustively transform cyanide to thiocyanate in less than 1 h.

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“…NMR Spectroscopy. 1 H and 13 C NMR spectra of 1a−4a were obtained in DMSO-d 6 . The resonances were assigned using COSY, DEPT135, and HSQC measurements.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Water-Soluble α-Amino Acid Complexes of Molybdenum as Potential Antidotes for Cyanide Poisoning: Synthesis and Catalytic Studies of Threonine, Methionine, Serine, and Leucine Complexes

et al. 2020

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“…The lethal dose for humans is estimated to be 3 mg/kg if orally applied. 7 However, since NaCN and KCN are non-volatile compounds, they can be handled in a synthetic organic laboratory by applying common safety standards. Both salts are soluble in polar protic and polar aprotic solvents but sparely soluble in ethers, chlorinated solvents, or hydrocarbons.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyanide Anions as Nucleophilic Catalysts in Organic Synthesis

Kieslich¹,

Christoffers²

2021

Synthesis

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The nucleophilic addition of a cyanide anion to a carbonyl group is the basis for several cyanide-catalyzed organic reactions, which are summarized in this review. Since cyanide is also a good leaving group, it is an excellent catalyst for transacylation reactions. As an electron-withdrawing group, it also stabilizes a negative charge in its α-position, thus allowing the umpolung of aldehydes to formyl anion equivalents. The two leading examples are the benzoin condensation and the Michael–Stetter reaction furnishing α-hydroxy ketones and 1,4-dicarbonyl compounds, which are both catalyzed by cyanides. The review also covers variants like the silyl-benzoin coupling, the aldimine coupling and the imino-Stetter reaction. Moreover, some cyanide-catalyzed heterocyclic syntheses are reviewed.1 Introduction2 Nucleophilic Additions2.1 Cyanohydrin Formation2.2 Corey–Gilman–Ganem and Related Oxidation Reactions2.3 Conjugate Addition2.4 Intramolecular Carbocyanation3 Transacylation Reactions3.1 Ester Hydrolysis and Transesterification3.2 Formation of Amides3.3 Ketones from Esters3.4 Esters from Ketones4 Transformations Involving an Umpolung4.1 Benzoin Condensation4.2 Aldimine Coupling4.3 Michael–Stetter Reaction4.4 Imino-Stetter Reaction5 Formation of Heterocycles5.1 Oxazolines from Isocyanoacetates5.2 Imidazoles from TosMIC via Oxazolines5.3 Bargellini Reaction6 Conclusion

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“…The notable long-term effects of cyanide across its different species is the range of behavioural and neurological dysfunction (e.g. Parkinsonism) (Allen et al 2016). …”

Section: Conventional Methodologies To Analyse Health and Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integration of health and safety risk management into the implementation of gold processing technology in artisanal and small scale mining (ASM) communities in the Philippines

Logrosa¹

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Artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM) is a growing industry sector employing 20 to 30 million people worldwide. In the Philippines ASM activities are an important source of employment and a significant contributor to the country's economy. However, ASM activities are also the source of health, safety and environmental (HSE) issues that impact people at work, in the home, and in communities. HSE risks can be reduced depending if mercury-free technology is introduced, implemented and accepted in key Philippine ASM provinces.In this study, risk factors that affect the technology implementation process are identified using the risk perceptions of key stakeholders who can have a significant influence on the acceptance of technology through their roles. The risk perceptions were collected from the technology experts that shaped the technology design and construction, from the technology endusers -the AS miners who will determine the technology acceptance and assimilation, from government representatives and advocate groups who influence the sustainability of the technology in terms of its function to society as a whole.Key contributions of this study include the development of an appropriate methodology to produce evidence-based insights into prevalent and important stakeholder risk perceptions associated with the introduction of cleaner gold processing technology in ASM communities in the Philippines. Data was collected on-site from three ASM areas in the Philippines and from stakeholders comprising technology developers, national and local governments, advocate groups, local communities and AS miners using interviews and surveys. The three ASM areas studied were Benguet, Agusan del Norte and Compostela Valley. The range of risks identified come from the categories of political, HSE, economic, social, and technological. Different risk perceptions were elicited for a mercury-free gold processing technology with the relevance and relative importance of these risk perceptions across the different stakeholder groups validated using comparative analysis and descriptive statistics.There were two main outcomes from this study. Publications included in this thesisNo publications included. Contributions by others to the thesisProfessor David Cliff provided the oversight conception of the research project; contributed to refining and researching especially for the first research question; contributed to group review of empirical observations, survey questionnaire design and interview questionnaire design; contributed to critically revising the thesis; supported researcher through conferences and training.Associate Professor Maureen Hassall contributed to the design details of the research project; to refining and researching especially for the second research question; contributed to analysing and interpreting risk perceptions data; contributed to group review of empirical observations, survey questionnaire design and interview questionnaire design; contributed to peer-review process of risk assessment, thematic anal...

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Acute cyanide toxicity

Cited by 7 publications

References 140 publications

Water-Soluble α-Amino Acid Complexes of Molybdenum as Potential Antidotes for Cyanide Poisoning: Synthesis and Catalytic Studies of Threonine, Methionine, Serine, and Leucine Complexes

Water-Soluble α-Amino Acid Complexes of Molybdenum as Potential Antidotes for Cyanide Poisoning: Synthesis and Catalytic Studies of Threonine, Methionine, Serine, and Leucine Complexes

Cyanide Anions as Nucleophilic Catalysts in Organic Synthesis

Integration of health and safety risk management into the implementation of gold processing technology in artisanal and small scale mining (ASM) communities in the Philippines

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