Acute, diel, and annual temperature variability and the thermal biology of ectotherms

Kefford, Ben J.; Ghalambor, Cameron K.; Dewenter, Beatrice; Poff, Nicole; Hughes, Jane; Reich, Jollene

doi:10.1111/gcb.16453

Cited by 28 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 138 publications

(407 reference statements)

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“…With increasing water temperature, measuring the spatiotemporal variability of CWPs is critical to understanding how thermal heterogeneity in rivers and streams is changing. Conserving thermal heterogeneity is key to the climate resilience of coldwater organisms (Kefford et al, 2022). However, most water temperature monitoring networks rely on point-in-space temperature loggers and summarize data at coarse temporal scales (e.g., daily, weekly, monthly), effectively limiting the detection of finer (hourly) or longer (seasonally) temporal scale variability of CWPs.…”

Section: Monitoring and Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Closing the gap between science and management of cold‐water refuges in rivers and streams

Mejia

Ouellet

Briggs

et al. 2023

Global Change Biology

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Human activities and climate change threaten coldwater organisms in freshwater ecosystems by causing rivers and streams to warm, increasing the intensity and frequency of warm temperature events, and reducing thermal heterogeneity. Cold‐water refuges are discrete patches of relatively cool water that are used by coldwater organisms for thermal relief and short‐term survival. Globally, cohesive management approaches are needed that consider interlinked physical, biological, and social factors of cold‐water refuges. We review current understanding of cold‐water refuges, identify gaps between science and management, and evaluate policies aimed at protecting thermally sensitive species. Existing policies include designating cold‐water habitats, restricting fishing during warm periods, and implementing threshold temperature standards or guidelines. However, these policies are rare and uncoordinated across spatial scales and often do not consider input from Indigenous peoples. We propose that cold‐water refuges be managed as distinct operational landscape units, which provide a social and ecological context that is relevant at the watershed scale. These operational landscape units provide the foundation for an integrated framework that links science and management by (1) mapping and characterizing cold‐water refuges to prioritize management and conservation actions, (2) leveraging existing and new policies, (3) improving coordination across jurisdictions, and (4) implementing adaptive management practices across scales. Our findings show that while there are many opportunities for scientific advancement, the current state of the sciences is sufficient to inform policy and management. Our proposed framework provides a path forward for managing and protecting cold‐water refuges using existing and new policies to protect coldwater organisms in the face of global change.

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Section: Monitoring and Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Closing the gap between science and management of cold‐water refuges in rivers and streams

Mejia

Ouellet

Briggs

et al. 2023

Global Change Biology

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“…In addition to mass dependency, the metabolic rate response of organisms to temperature might be adaptively adjusted in specific environments through phenotypic plasticity or genotype evolution ( Benavente et al, 2022 ; Kefford et al, 2022 ; Terblanche et al, 2009 ). A species' thermal tolerance and metabolism also varies with latitude and between climate zones ( Hoffmann et al, 2005 ; Nati et al, 2021 ; Terblanche and Chown, 2006 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic rate and climate change across latitudes: evidence of mass-dependent responses in aquatic amphipods

Shokri

Cozzoli

Vignes

et al. 2022

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Predictions of individual responses to climate change are often based on the assumption that temperature affects individuals’ metabolism independently of their body mass. However, empirical evidence indicates that interactive effects exist. Here, we investigated the response of individual Standard Metabolic Rate (SMR) to annual temperature range and forecasted temperature rises of 0.6-1.2°C above the current maxima, under the conservative climate change scenario IPCC-RCP2.6. As a model organism we used the amphipod Gammarus insensibilis, collected across latitudes along the western coast of the Adriatic Sea down to the southernmost limit of the species’ distributional range, with individuals varying in body mass (0.4-13.57mg). Overall, we found that the effect of temperature on SMR is mass-dependent. Within the annual temperature range, the mass-specific SMR of small/young individuals increased with temperature at a greater rate (activation energy: E=0.48 eV) than large/old ones (E=0.29 eV), with a higher metabolic level for high-latitude than low-latitude populations. However, under the forecasted climate conditions, the large individuals’ mass-specific SMR responded differently across latitudes. Unlike the higher-latitude population, whose mass-specific SMR increased in response to the forecasted climate change across all size classes, in the lower-latitude populations, this increase was not seen in large individuals. The larger/older conspecifics at lower latitudes could therefore be the first to experience the negative impacts of warming on metabolism-related processes. Although the ecological collapse of such a basic trophic level (aquatic amphipods) due to climate change would have profound consequences for population ecology, the risk is significantly mitigated by phenotypic and genotypic adaptation.

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“…Thermal ecologists are therefore increasingly aware of the importance of considering temperature variation at relevant scales, as evident by a rapidly growing body of literature (e.g. Bernhardt et al, 2020; Bramer et al, 2018; Kefford et al, 2022; Ma et al, 2021). For spatial dimensions, this trend is best represented in microclimate research (Lembrechts & Nijs, 2020; Pincebourde et al, 2016; Zellweger et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since the discrete Fourier transform can help distinguish the time‐scales on which meaningful variation occurs, it can be a powerful tool for ecologists dealing with temperature time series. For example, temperature variation within and among generations can have different implications for thermal adaptation (Angilletta, 2009; Kefford et al, 2022). What is less known in ecology, however, is that the frequency domain can be used to determine at what frequency environmental temperatures should be sampled in the future.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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How to generate accurate continuous thermal regimes from sparse but regular temperature measurements

Schmalensee

2023

Methods Ecol Evol

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In ecology, there is an emerging emphasis on the importance of capturing temperature variation at relevant scales. Temperature fluctuates continuously in nature but is sampled at discrete time points, so how often should ecologists measure temperature to capture its variation? A recent development in thermal ecology is the use of spectral analysis of temperature time series to determine at what frequencies important temperature fluctuations occur. Building on this, I borrow from signal processing theory to show how continuous thermal regimes can be effectively reconstructed from discrete, regular, measurements, and provide a rule of thumb for designing temperature sampling schemes that capture ecologically relevant temporal variation. I introduce sinc interpolation, a method for reconstructing continuous waveforms from discrete samples. Furthermore, I introduce the Nyquist–Shannon sampling theorem, which states that continuous complex waveforms can be perfectly sinc‐interpolated from discrete, regular, samples if sampling intervals are sufficiently short. To demonstrate the power of these concepts in an ecological context, I apply them to several published high‐resolved (15‐min intervals) temperature time series used for ecological predictions of insect development times. First, I use spectral analysis to illuminate the fluctuation frequencies that dominate the temperature data. Second, I employ sinc interpolation over artificially thinned versions of the temperature time series. Third, I compare interpolated temperatures with observed temperatures to demonstrate the Nyquist–Shannon sampling theorem and its relation to spectral analysis. Last, I repeat the ecological predictions using sinc‐interpolated temperatures. Daily, and less frequent, fluctuations dominated the variation in all the temperature time series. Therefore, in accordance with the Nyquist–Shannon sampling theorem, 11‐h measurement intervals consistently retrieved most 15‐min temperature variation. Moreover, previous predictions of insect development times were improved by using sinc‐interpolated, rather than averaged, temperatures. By identifying the highest frequency at which ecologically (or otherwise) relevant temperature fluctuations occur and applying the Nyquist–Shannon sampling theorem, ecologists (or others doing climate‐related research) can use sinc interpolation to produce remarkably accurate continuous thermal regimes from sparse but regular temperature measurements. Surprisingly, these concepts have remained largely unexplored in ecology despite their applicability, not least in thermal ecology.

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Acute, diel, and annual temperature variability and the thermal biology of ectotherms

Cited by 28 publications

References 138 publications

Closing the gap between science and management of cold‐water refuges in rivers and streams

Closing the gap between science and management of cold‐water refuges in rivers and streams

Metabolic rate and climate change across latitudes: evidence of mass-dependent responses in aquatic amphipods

How to generate accurate continuous thermal regimes from sparse but regular temperature measurements

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