Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis Associated with Tetanus Vaccination

Bölükbaşı, Okan; Özmenoğlu, Mehmet

doi:10.1159/000008056

Cited by 16 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Rubella vaccine has not been implicated in encephalomyelitis, although transient paresthesias and mild signs of neuropathy have been reported 1 to 3 weeks after vaccination. Encephalomyelitis associated with tetanus toxoid [87], oral polio [88], influenza [42,89], and hepatitis B recombinant vaccines [90] have also been described [86] (see also [91] for adverse events associated with childhood vaccines). The pathogenic process leading to development of postvaccinal encephalomyelitis is generally believed to be the same as the virus-associated ADEM (ie, molecular mimicry or altered immunoregulation).…”

Section: Postvaccinal Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitismentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis: Clinical and Pathogenesis Features

et al. 2008

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Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is an immune-mediated disorder of the central nervous system (CNS). Disease typically starts with an abrupt onset of neurologic symptoms and signs within days to weeks after a viral infection or immunization. Neuropathological examination of the CNS in ADEM reveals involvement of white matter, with infiltration of monocytoid cells and perivenous demyelination.

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Section: Postvaccinal Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitismentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis: Clinical and Pathogenesis Features

et al. 2008

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“…So the final diagnosis was made of lower respiratory tract infection and ADEM linked to Pentaxim vaccine. ADEM cases linked to vaccines have been reported in Turkey [8] and abroad [9,10], however, this is the first case in which an ADEM appeared after lower respiratory tract infection and innoculation with Pentaxim vaccine.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

A Case of Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis Mimicking Leukodystrophy

et al. 2010

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Summary: Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is a monophasic, immune-mediated demyelinating disorder that can follow immunizations or more often infections including rubeola, rubella, varicella, herpes zoster, mumps, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, or, more commonly, other nonspecific upper respiratory tract infections. Documentation of a preceding illness is not required to make this diagnosis. This report examines the case of a 9-month-old male patient presenting with the features of an acute leukodystrophy following innoculation with the mixed vaccine Pentaxim (Sanofi Pasteur, Lyon-France) while suffering from a lower respiratory tract infection, and who was eventually diagnosed as ADEM. The case is presented as a reminder that ADEM can sometimes be linked to lower respiratory tract infection and vaccination, and that the features in such cases can be confused with leukodystrophy.

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“…Although multiple etiologies have been proposed, most cases present following acute infections or postvaccination [4,5]. Pathogenesis is still unclear, yet it is widely thought to be post-viral (coxsackievirus, cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, coronavirus, herpes simplex virus, measles, rubella virus, varicellazoster virus, and hepatitis A virus) and viral post-vaccination (post-measles ADEM in 1:1000, post-varicella ADEM in 1:10,000, and post-rubella ADEM in 1:20,000) [5,6].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although multiple etiologies have been proposed, most cases present following acute infections or post-vaccination [2,3]. ADEM is very responsive to steroids; given its immune-mediated pathogenesis, other treatment modalities such as intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and plasma exchange are considered second-line therapies when patients do not take steroids [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adult-Onset Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis Refractory to Steroids

AlZeera¹,

Alkhaja²,

Noor³

et al. 2021

Cureus

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Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is an immune-mediated phenomenon characterized by demyelination of the central nervous system that displays numerous manifestations. It predominantly presents in children with a mean age range of five to eight years. ADEM remains a diagnosis of exclusion based on clinical and radiographic progression. Thus, it poses a diagnostic challenge. ADEM has been shown to be very responsive to steroids and exchange therapy.Here, we present an unusual case of ADEM in a 50-year-old female patient who, despite receiving an entire course of IV methylprednisolone and other conventional treatment methods, did not respond to the treatment.

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Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis Associated with Tetanus Vaccination

Cited by 16 publications

References 13 publications

Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis: Clinical and Pathogenesis Features

Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis: Clinical and Pathogenesis Features

A Case of Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis Mimicking Leukodystrophy

Adult-Onset Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis Refractory to Steroids

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