Acute effect of fructose, sucrose, and isomaltulose on uric acid metabolism in healthy participants

Abstract

Fructose is associated with hyperuricemia and gout development. Focusing on fructose and fructose-containing disaccharides, we investigated the effects of three different types of carbohydrates (fructose, sucrose, and isomaltulose) on uric acid metabolism and gene expression profiling in peripheral white blood cells. In a randomized crossover study, ten healthy participants ingested test drinks of fructose, sucrose, and isomaltulose, each containing 25 g of fructose. Plasma glucose, serum and urine uric acid, and xanthine/hypoxanthine concentrations were measured. Microarray analysis in peripheral white blood cells and real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction were examined at 0 and 120 in after the intake of test drinks. Serum uric acid concentrations for group fructose were significantly higher than group sucrose at 30-120 min and were significantly higher than those for group isomaltulose at 30-240 min. Several genes involved in the "nuclear factor-kappa B signaling pathway" were markedly changed in group fructose. No significant differences in the mRNA expression levels of tumor necrosis factor, nuclear factor-kappa B, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-18 were noted. This study indicated that fructose intake (monosaccharide) elevated serum uric acid concentrations compared with disaccharide intake. Differences in the quality of carbohydrates might reduce the rapid increase of postprandial serum uric acid concentrations.

Appearance quality, nutritional value, and aroma components of wild diguo (Ficus tikoua Bur.) fruit collected from southwest China

“…Diguo may also be used as a healthy fruit for patients with high uric acid levels. Although diguo fruit contains sucrose (glucose:fructose = 1:1), a recent report has shown that the uric acid‐raising effect of sucrose is weaker than that of fructose (Kawakami et al., 2023 ). More research is needed to determine whether the diguo fruit can be safely consumed by patients with high uric acid levels and fructose intolerance.…”

Metabolic Effects of Selected Conventional and Alternative Sweeteners: A Narrative Review

“…The AUC for insulin was the highest after the glucose solution, followed by the sucrose solution and the combination of glucose and fructose, whereas the fructose solution led to the smallest insulin AUC. Kawakami et al [ 64 ] found a greater increase in plasma glucose after 50 g sucrose and 50 g isomaltulose, compared to 25 g fructose alone (all drinks were constituted in water to a final volume of 250 mL). Similarly, Jameel et al [ 65 ] reported that the oral intake of 50 g sucrose and 50 g glucose in 300 mL water led to a stronger increase in blood glucose and insulin concentrations, compared to 50 g fructose, in healthy, normal-weight individuals.…”

“…This increase was the highest after xylitol, and was similar after the three conventional sweeteners. Kawakami et al [ 64 ] investigated the effects of oral administration of 25 g fructose, 50 g sucrose, and 50 g isomaltulose, in ca. 250 mL water, on uric acid concentrations and found a greater increase in response to fructose compared to sucrose or isolmaltulose in healthy participants.…”

Unveiling the profound influence of sucralose on metabolism and its role in shaping obesity trends

“…This elevation is attributed to a reduction in the transrepression activity of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPAR-α), a key regulator of inflammation and metabolic processes. Thus, the consumption of sucralose and fructose may contribute to the activation of inflammatory pathways, potentially exacerbating renal inflammation and associated complications ( 69 , 70 ).…”