Acute effects of different degrees of ultra‐endurance exercise on systemic inflammatory responses

Abstract

A single ultra-endurance competition induces an inflammatory response depending on the duration of physical effort, with increased acute-phase cytokines, and an altered iron metabolism. Irisin, whose biological meaning is still uncertain, seems to be associated with acute variations of some metabolic parameters.

The level of physical training modulates cytokine levels through P2X7 receptor in healthy subjects

“…The main novelties of our results can be summarized as follows: the P2X7R‐NLRP3 inflammasome complex expression and activity is linked to the degree of chronic physical activity, being more pronounced in END than in ATH and SED. This confirms as an extreme physical activity contributes to a subclinical pro‐inflammatory status, suggesting for the first time the activation of this peculiar pathway as determinant of the relatively high IL‐1β levels already reported in END and confirmed here. The results of the multivariate analysis further support the influence of such pathway on IL‐1β concentrations.…”

Acute Cardiovascular Adaptation to Strenuous Exercise: An Integrative Ultrasound Study

“…In addition, finger oxygen saturation (oximetry, Ohmeda TuffSat; GE Healthcare, Helsinki, Finland) and the heart rate (HR) were evaluated. Furthermore, blood and urine samples were analyzed to evaluate the glycometabolic profile (by standard laboratory techniques), plasma osmolality, and urine density . Finally, a chest US examination was performed to assess extravascular lung water content, identified as B‐lines, using a cardiac probe (2.5–3.5 MHz).…”

Effects of physical activity on the link between PGC-1a and FNDC5 in muscle, circulating Ιrisin and UCP1 of white adipocytes in humans: A systematic review

“…In the latter study, the aerobic exercise session also increased circulating Irisin during (54 th minute) the exercise session (F (3,24) =5.03, p=0.01) in healthy female adults 69 . Eight out of the 23 included SGS showed that acute exercise increased circulating Irisin in healthy populations 12, 21, 22, 38, 58, 66, 70, 71 , while a resistance exercise session increased FNDC5 mRNA in muscle only in young healthy adults and it did not alter circulating Irisin of both young and older healthy adults 62 . In addition, 45 minutes of running did not alter circulating Irisin in obese healthy adults 35 .…”

“…Eighteen of the included studies 12 , 17 , 21 , 22 , 34 , 35 , 38 , 44 , 49 , 50 , 52 , 56 , 58 , 62 , 66 , 69– 71 examined the effects of acute exercise on circulating Irisin, and a further seven studies 34, 36, 46– 48, 60, 72 investigated the association of circulating Irisin with physical activity levels using commercial ELISA kits. Thirteen studies 12, 21, 22, 38, 44, 49, 50, 52, 58, 66, 69– 71 showed that acute exercise increased circulating Irisin in healthy individuals, while five studies 17, 34, 35, 56, 62 showed no effect of acute exercise on circulating Irisin.…”

“…Thirteen studies 12, 21, 22, 38, 44, 49, 50, 52, 58, 66, 69– 71 showed that acute exercise increased circulating Irisin in healthy individuals, while five studies 17, 34, 35, 56, 62 showed no effect of acute exercise on circulating Irisin. Also, three studies 34, 48, 60 showed a positive association of circulating Irisin with physical activity levels in healthy and COPD patients, while four studies 36, 46, 47, 72 showed no association or a negative association of circulating Irisin with physical activity levels in both healthy and clinical populations.…”