Acute effects of different orthoses on lower extremity kinetics and kinematics during running; a musculoskeletal simulation analysis

Abstract

The current investigation aimed to examine the effects of different orthotic conditions on the biomechanical mechanisms linked to the aetiology of chronic pathologies using musculoskeletal simulation. Methods: 16 male and 20 females ran over an embedded force plate at 4.0 m/s, in five different conditions (medial, lateral, no-orthoses, semi-custom and off the shelf). Kinematics of the lower extremities were collected using an eight-camera motion capture system and lower extremity joint loading also explored using a musculoskeletal simulation approach. Differences between orthoses conditions were examined using 2  2 mixed ANOVA. Results: External instantaneous load rate was significantly reduced in the off the shelf orthoses (male = 1290.60 and female = 1567.10 N/kg/s), compared to the medial (male = 1480.45 and female = 1767.05 N/kg/s) and semi-custom (male = 1552.99 and female = 1704.37 N/kg/s) conditions. In addition, peak patellofemoral stress was significantly lower in the off the shelf orthoses (male = 68.55 and female = 94.91 KPa/kg) compared to the lateral condition (male = 70.49 and female = 103.22 KPa/kg). Finally, peak eversion angles were significantly attenuated in the medial orthoses (male =-6.61 and female =-7.72 deg) compared to the lateral (male =-9.61 and female =-10.32 deg), no-orthoses (male =-8.22 and female =-10.10 deg), semi-custom (male =-8.25 and female =-9.49 deg) and off the shelf (male =-7.54 and female =-8.85 deg) conditions. Conclusions: The current investigation shows that different orthotic devices/ configurations may provide distinct benefits in terms of their effectiveness in attenuating the biomechanical parameters linked to the aetiology of chronic running injuries.

May the force be with you: understanding how patellofemoral joint reaction force compares across different activities and physical interventions—a systematic review and meta-analysis

“…The full text of 227 studies was retrieved and screened (figure 2). In total, 71 articles were included in the systematic review 25–95. There were 63 within-subject studies (56 healthy individuals, 7 patellofemoral pain), 1 randomised controlled trial in healthy individuals (online supplemental table 2) and…”

“…We identified 27 studies that reported PFJRF during running 25 26 34 35 38 39 50 52 56–59 61 68 69 74–76 78 80–82 87 90 91 93 94. Pooled peak PFJRF in healthy individuals was 5.2±1.2 BW25 35 38 39 52 56–58 61 68 74 80–82 87 90 94 based on 17 studies and 4.1±0.9 BW in individuals with patellofemoral pain34 38 78 based on three studies during running (figure 3). The average running speed ranged from 2.33 m/s to 4.47 m/s in healthy individuals and 2.77 m/s to 4.00 m/s in individuals with patellofemoral pain.…”

Lower Extremity Kinetics and Kinematics in Runners with Patellofemoral Pain: A Retrospective Case–Control Study Using Musculoskeletal Simulation

“…From a clinical standpoint, it appears that strategies centred around reducing rearfoot eversion are important to the treatment of PFP in both male and female runners. Conservative modalities such as foot orthoses and ankle braces have been shown to mediate statistical reductions in peak ankle eversion in both male and female runners [62,63]. No analyses have been undertaken using ankle bracing, however previous intervention studies have shown foot orthoses to be effective in treating PFP with greater rearfoot eversion angles at baseline predicting orthotic efficacy [64,65].…”

A three-experiment examination of iliotibial band strain characteristics during different conditions using musculoskeletal simulation

“…Because of the high incidence of ITBS, prophylactic strategies are a key priority for clinical research. Foot orthoses are frequently adopted for the prevention and treatment of running injuries, and a range of orthoses are available (11). Only one investigation has examined the effects of orthoses on ITB strain mechanics, with Day et al showing that neither 7° lateral, 3° lateral, 3° medial or 7° medial wedged orthoses significantly influenced ITB strain (12).…”

“…Only one investigation has examined the effects of orthoses on ITB strain mechanics, with Day et al showing that neither 7° lateral, 3° lateral, 3° medial or 7° medial wedged orthoses significantly influenced ITB strain (12). However, there are a variety of commercially available orthoses; typically classified as off-the-shelf, wedged or semi-custom devices, and there has not been any investigation regarding the influence of different orthotic devices on ITB strain characteristics (11).…”