Acute Effects of Ethanol and the First Suckling Episode in the Newborn Rat

Cheslock, Sarah J.; Silveri, Marisa M.; Petrov, Evgeniy S.; Spear, Linda P.; Spear, Norman E.

doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2000.tb04642.x

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…In summary, the present data together with results of our previous studies [11], [15], [19] suggest a substantial role of pharmacological effects of ethanol (positive, stimulatory and sedative, inhibitory) in age-related differences of ethanol acceptance and indicates that sensitivity of ingestive behavior to the pharmacological effects of ethanol changes between postnatal days 9 and 12.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…Palatability of various tastants, including ethanol, has been measured in adults by analysis of short latency motor and affective reactions to intraoral infusions of small amounts of flavored fluid [9], [10]. However, assessment of taste responsiveness in the neonatal rat has usually been based on intake measured in relatively long procedures (10-20 minutes) when the animal consumed a substantial amount of ethanol (2.5% of body weight) [1], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16]. With such tests it is difficult to distinguish between changes in orosensory properties of ethanol and postingestive consequences of ethanol.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pharmacological effects of ethanol on ingestive behavior of the preweanling rat

Kozlov

Nizhnikov

Spear

2009

Behavioural Brain Research

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The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that sensitivity of ingestive behavior of infant rat to the pharmacological effects of ethanol changes between postnatal (P) days 9 and 12. The intake of 0.1% saccharin and water, general motor activity, and myoclonic twitching activity were assessed following administration of three doses of ethanol (0, 0.25, 0.5g/kg) while fluids were free available to the animals. The 0.5g/kg dose of ethanol attenuated saccharin intake in P9 pups and enhanced saccharin intake in P12 rats. On P12 some sex-related differences emerged at 0.5g/kg of ethanol, with saccharin intake being higher in females than in their male counterparts. Taste reactivity probe revealed that 0.5 g/kg of ethanol increased taste responsiveness to saccharin on P12 but only to infusions presented at a high rate. The results of the present study indicate that ontogenetic changes in sensitivity to the effects of ethanol on ingestive behavior occur during the second postnatal week, with P9 animals being more sensitive to the inhibitory (sedative) effects on saccharin intake and P12 rats being more sensitive to the stimulatory effects of ethanol. We suggest that acute ethanol enhanced saccharin intake via sensitization of oral response to appetitive taste stimulation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacological effects of ethanol on ingestive behavior of the preweanling rat

Kozlov

Nizhnikov

Spear

2009

Behavioural Brain Research

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“…The lower weight gain in our PAE rats may be indirectly related to a decrease in maternal grooming behavior. Although studies with neonatal rats have shown that exposure to high doses of EtOH can impair sucking behavior, leading to a decrease in body weight gain (Cheslock et al, 2000), we did not detect significant alterations in nursing time, suggesting that alternative mechanisms are responsible for the growth deficits observed in our rats. Studies suggest that EtOH may stunt postnatal growth by interfering with the actions of insulin and insulin-like growth factor (Aros et al, 2011; Ting and Lautt, 2006).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 81%

Repeated intermittent alcohol exposure during the third trimester-equivalent increases expression of the GABAA receptor δ subunit in cerebellar granule neurons and delays motor development in rats

et al. 2014

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Exposure to ethanol (EtOH) during fetal development can lead to long-lasting alterations, including deficits in fine motor skills and motor learning. Studies suggest that these are, in part, a consequence of cerebellar damage. Cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs) are the gateway of information into the cerebellar cortex. Functionally, CGNs are heavily regulated by phasic and tonic GABAergic inhibition from Golgi cell interneurons; however, the effect of EtOH exposure on the development of GABAergic transmission in immature CGNs has not been investigated. To model EtOH exposure during the 3rd trimester-equivalent of human pregnancy, neonatal pups were exposed intermittently to high levels of vaporized EtOH from postnatal day (P) 2 to P12. This exposure gradually increased pup serum EtOH concentrations (SECs) to ~60 mM (~0.28 g/dl) during the 4 hours of exposure. EtOH levels gradually decreased to baseline 8 hrs after the end of exposure. Surprisingly, basal tonic and phasic GABAergic currents in CGNs were not significantly affected by postnatal alcohol exposure (PAE). However, PAE increased the expression of δ subunit expression at P28 as detected by immunohistochemical and western blot analyses. Also, electrophysiological studies with an agonist that is highly selective for δ-containing GABAA receptors, 4,5,6,7-tetrahydroisoxazolo[4,5-c]pyridine-3-ol (THIP), showed an increase in THIP-induced tonic current. Behavioral studies of PAE rats did not reveal any deficits in motor coordination, except for a delay in the acquisition of the mid-air righting reflex that was apparent at P15 to P18. These findings demonstrate that repeated intermittent exposure to high levels of EtOH during the equivalent of the last trimester of human pregnancy has significant but relatively subtle effects on motor coordination and GABAergic transmission in CGNs in rats.

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“…The development of experimental procedures for control of the acquisition, expression, or both of memories defined by alcohol's aversive components could aid in the analysis of possible positive-and negative-reinforcement capabilities of alcohol. This strategy should also provide a tool that can easily be used across different ontogenetic stages of development-an opportunity that is particularly important when considering recent studies that suggest substantial appetitive reinforcing properties of alcohol during very early postnatal life (Cheslock et al 2000(Cheslock et al , 2001Petrov et al, 1999).…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%