Acute Effects of Ozone on Mortality from the “Air Pollution and Health

Gryparis, Alexandros; Forsberg, Bertil; Katsouyanni, Klea; Analitis, Antonis; Touloumi, Giota; Schwartz, Joel; Samoli, Evangelia; Médina, Sylvia; Anderson, H R; Niciu, EM; He, Weijun; Kříž, B; Košnik, Mitja; Skorkovský, Jiří; Vonk, Judith M.; Dörtbudak, Zeynep

doi:10.1164/rccm.200403-333oc

Cited by 427 publications

(326 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Although health impacts of ozone have been less investigated than of PM, existing studies in Europe and beyond (e.g. Mudway and Kelly, 2000;Gryparis et al, 2004;Bell et al, 2005Bell et al, , 2006Ito et al, 2005;Levy et al, 2005) show convincing, though small, positive associations between daily mortality and ozone levels, independent of the effects of PM (see Fig. 11).…”

Section: Muezzinoglu Et Al 2001mentioning

confidence: 96%

Transport impacts on atmosphere and climate: Land transport

Uherek¹,

Halenka²,

Borken‐Kleefeld³

et al. 2010

Atmospheric Environment

311

151

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a b s t r a c tEmissions from land transport, and from road transport in particular, have significant impacts on the atmosphere and on climate change. This assessment gives an overview of past, present and future emissions from land transport, of their impacts on the atmospheric composition and air quality, on human health and climate change and on options for mitigation.In the past vehicle exhaust emission control has successfully reduced emissions of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, volatile organic compounds and particulate matter. This contributed to improved air quality and reduced health impacts in industrialised countries. In developing countries however, pollutant emissions have been growing strongly, adversely affecting many populations. In addition, ozone and particulate matter change the radiative balance and hence contribute to global warming on shorter time scales. Latest knowledge on the magnitude of land transport's impact on global warming is reviewed here.In the future, road transport's emissions of these pollutants are expected to stagnate and then decrease globally. This will then help to improve the air quality notably in developing countries. On the contrary, emissions of carbon dioxide and of halocarbons from mobile air conditioners have been globally increasing and are further expected to grow. Consequently, road transport's impact on climate is gaining in importance. The expected efficiency improvements of vehicles and the introduction of biofuels will not be sufficient to offset the expected strong growth in both, passenger and freight transportation. Technical measures could offer a significant reduction potential, but strong interventions would be needed as markets do not initiate the necessary changes. Further reductions would need a resolute expansion of low-carbon fuels, a tripling of vehicle fuel efficiency and a stagnation in absolute transport volumes. Land transport will remain a key sector in climate change mitigation during the next decades.

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Section: Muezzinoglu Et Al 2001mentioning

confidence: 96%

Transport impacts on atmosphere and climate: Land transport

Uherek¹,

Halenka²,

Borken‐Kleefeld³

et al. 2010

Atmospheric Environment

311

151

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…This concentration-response coefficient is derived from the single-pollutant analysis of the American Cancer Society Cancer Prevention Study II (CPS II) cohort study data in 96 metropolitan areas of the US ) which has been used by previous studies (e.g. Anenberg et al, 2009;Punger and West, 2013;Thompson et al, 2014;Cohen et al, 2017); but is re-scaled from 1 h mean to 8 h mean concentrations using the ratio 0.72, derived from the APHEA-2 project (Gryparis et al, 2004). The value recommended by HRAPIE for the concentration-response coefficient, or β value (Eq.…”

Section: Health Calculationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of model spatial resolution on simulated ozone and fine particulate matter for Europe: implications for health impact assessments

et al. 2018

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Abstract. We examine the impact of model horizontal resolution on simulated concentrations of surface ozone (O 3 ) and particulate matter less than 2.5 µm in diameter (PM 2.5 ), and the associated health impacts over Europe, using the HadGEM3-UKCA chemistry-climate model to simulate pollutant concentrations at a coarse (∼ 140 km) and a finer (∼ 50 km) resolution. The attributable fraction (AF) of total mortality due to long-term exposure to warm season daily maximum 8 h running mean (MDA8) O 3 and annual-average PM 2.5 concentrations is then calculated for each European country using pollutant concentrations simulated at each resolution. Our results highlight a seasonal variation in simulated O 3 and PM 2.5 differences between the two model resolutions in Europe. Compared to the finer resolution results, simulated European O 3 concentrations at the coarse resolution are higher on average in winter and spring (∼ 10 and ∼ 6 %, respectively). In contrast, simulated O 3 concentrations at the coarse resolution are lower in summer and autumn (∼ −1 and ∼ −4 %, respectively). These differences may be partly explained by differences in nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) concentrations simulated at the two resolutions. Compared to O 3 , we find the opposite seasonality in simulated PM 2.5 differences between the two resolutions. In winter and spring, simulated PM 2.5 concentrations are lower at the coarse compared to the finer resolution (∼ −8 and ∼ −6 %, respectively) but higher in summer and autumn (∼ 29 and ∼ 8 %, respectively). Simulated PM 2.5 values are also mostly related to differences in convective rainfall between the two resolutions for all seasons. These differences between the two resolutions exhibit clear spatial patterns for both pollutants that vary by season, and exert a strong influence on country to country variations in estimated AF for the two resolutions. Warm season MDA8 O 3 levels are higher in most of southern Europe, but lower in areas of northern and eastern Europe when simulated at the coarse resolution compared to the finer resolution. Annual-average PM 2.5 concentrations are higher across most of northern and eastern Europe but lower over parts of southwest Europe at the coarse compared to the finer resolution. Across Europe, differences in the AF associated with long-term exposure to population-weighted MDA8 O 3 range between −0.9 and +2.6 % (largest positive differences in southern Europe), while differences in the AF associated with long-term exposure to populationweighted annual mean PM 2.5 range from −4.7 to +2.8 % (largest positive differences in eastern Europe) of the total mortality. Therefore this study, with its unique focus on Europe, demonstrates that health impact assessments calculated using modelled pollutant concentrations, are sensitive to a change in model resolution by up to ∼ ±5 % of the total mortality across Europe.

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“…Risk estimates on ozone related mortality are higher in the warmer season. Temperature plays a significant role in the magnitude of the coefficients [30,31,32]. A meta-analysis on 95 US urban communities studies showed that a 20 lg/m increase in 1 h maximum ozone was associated with a 0.39% increase (95% CI 0.26-0.51) in all-cause mortality.…”

Section: Omentioning

confidence: 99%