Acute Effects of Particulate Air Pollution on the Incidence of Coronary Heart Disease in Shanghai, China

Abstract

IntroductionEvidence based on ecological studies in China suggests that short-term exposure to particulate matter (PM) is associated with cardiovascular mortality. However, there is less evidence of PM-related morbidity for coronary heart disease (CHD) in China. This study aims to investigate the relationship between acute PM exposure and CHD incidence in people aged above 40 in Shanghai.MethodsDaily CHD events during 2005–2012 were identified from outpatient and emergency department visits. Daily average concentrations for particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 10 microns (PM10) were collected over the 8-year period. Particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 microns (PM2.5) were measured from 2009 to 2012. Analyses were performed using quasi-poisson regression models adjusting for confounders, including long-term trend, seasonality, day of the week, public holiday and meteorological factors. The effects were also examined by gender and age group (41–65 years, and >65 years).ResultsThere were 619928 CHD outpatient and emergency department visits. The average concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 were 81.7μg/m3 and 38.6μg/m3, respectively. Elevated exposure to PM10 and PM2.5 was related with increased risk of CHD outpatients and emergency department visits in a short time course. A 10 μg/m3 increase in the 2-day PM10 and PM2.5 was associated with increase of 0.23% (95% CI: 0.12%, 0.34%) and 0.74% (95% CI: 0.44%, 1.04%) in CHD morbidity, respectively. The associations appeared to be more evident in the male and the elderly.ConclusionShort-term exposure to high levels of PM10 and PM2.5 was associated with increased risk of CHD outpatient and emergency department visits. Season, gender and age were effect modifiers of their association.

<p>Acute Effects of Air Pollution on Hospital Admissions for Asthma, COPD, and Bronchiectasis in Ahvaz, Iran</p>

“…39 The effect of humidity and temperature was also controlled by a natural cubic spline function with 3 and 6 degrees of freedom, respectively. 39,40,42 The distributed lag models were run from 0 to 7 days lag and risk ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated for hospital admissions of asthma, COPD, and bronchiectasis for every 10 units increase in air pollutants. In order to avoid the co-linearity effect between air pollutants, models were run for each pollutant separately, using the adjusted unconstrained DLM models.…”

Exposure to Outdoor Particles (PM2.5) and Associated Child Morbidity and Mortality in Socially Deprived Neighborhoods of Nairobi, Kenya

“…Household and ambient air pollution often coexist and hence should be considered together [1]. It is well established that the ambient levels of air pollution in a region can have an impact on the health status of its population [4][5][6][7]. Air pollution levels should therefore be taken into account when considering the wider determinants to public health and the impacts that changes in air pollution might have on population health [8].…”

The Characteristics of Air Pollutants during Two Distinct Episodes of Fireworks Burning in a Valley City of North China

“…Inhaled NO 2 can penetrate to the small airways of the lung and also elicit a broncho-constrictive response; individuals with asthma are often much more susceptible to these effects of SO 2 and NO 2 than healthy individuals [6]. Total suspended particulates (TSPs) and specifically small sized particulate matter (PM) such as PM 10 or smaller particles have been associated with premature death, aggravated asthma, increased hospital admissions, increased respiratory problems, and coronary heart disease [7–9]. …”