Acute effects of static stretching on the shear elastic moduli of the medial and lateral gastrocnemius muscles in young and elderly women

Nakamura, Masatoshi; Ikezoe, Tome; Nishishita, Satoru; Umehara, Jun; Kimura, Misaka; Ichihashi, Noriaki

doi:10.1016/j.msksp.2017.09.006

Cited by 32 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…In the present study, there was a significant decrease in RF stiffness after 5 min SS in adolescents. Similarly, Nakamura et al [19] and Taniguchi et al [20] and found a decrease in the stiffness of GM and gastrocnemius lateralis (GL) muscles after 5 min SS in adults using SWE. Akagi et al [16] found a significant decrease in GM muscle stiffness after 6 min of SS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…Tissue stiffness measurements may be beneficial for the identification of muscles as well as a variety of organ disorders [13][14][15]. Elastography studies investigating the acute effects of stretching (ranging from 2-10 min duration) on the adult's triceps surae, hamstring and shoulder muscles have previously been performed [16][17][18][19][20][21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The pediatric population should be considered separately from adults because the pediatric population is exposed to many hormonal and biological changes especially in the transition from childhood (under 10 years) to adolescence (above 10 years), unlike adults. According to elastography studies on adults, stretching reduces muscle stiffness [16][17][18][19][20][21]. However, no work evaluating the effect of SS duration in adolescents exists in the literature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of static stretching duration on muscle stiffness and blood flow in the rectus femoris in adolescents

et al. 2019

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Aims: To compare the effects of 2 and 5 min of passive static stretching (SS) on stiffness and blood flow in the rectus femoris in adolescent athletes using shear wave elastography (SWE) and superb microvascular imaging (SMI).Material and methods: This prospective study included 20 male athletes with median age of 14.5 (12.5–16.5) years. The subjects were divided into two groups based on the SS duration as follows: 2 min (n=10) and 5 min (n=10). At rest and after 2 and 5 min of SS, stiffness and blood flow values were compared in the rectus femoris for each group. Inter-operator reliability was also analysed.Results: There was no significant difference between resting and 2 min of SS in terms of stiffness. The stiffness values decreased significantly from resting to 5 min of SS. The blood flow increased significantly from resting to 2 and 5 min of SS. Inter-operator reliability was moderate to perfect for SWE and SMI measurements (ICC: 0.52–0.83).Conclusions: SWE and SMI can be used to acquire reliable quantitative data about muscle stiffness and blood flow in adolescents. While stiffness parameters significantly decreased from resting after only 5 min, blood flow significantly increased both after 2 and 5 min. For physical rehabilitation protocols, 5 min of SS may be chosen to reduce stiffness. For competitions, 2 min of SS may be sufficient for warm-up exercise because it increases the blood flow optimally. Five min of SS may be preferred for the cool-down exercise to enhance recovery.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of static stretching duration on muscle stiffness and blood flow in the rectus femoris in adolescents

et al. 2019

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“…Additionally, no study has investigated the acute effects of DS on SWS in elderly people and between genders. However, recent studies [ 100 ] have found no significant difference in MGM elasticity between men and women and between young and elderly women [ 101 ]. Recently Nakamura et al [ 101 ] suggested that the effect of 5 min of SS on decreasing shear elastic modulus is similar between young and elderly women.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of an acute bout of dynamic stretching on biomechanical properties of the gastrocnemius muscle determined by shear wave elastography

et al. 2018

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AimsThe aim of this study was to examine the acute effects of dynamic stretching (DS) exercise on passive ankle range of motion (RoM), resting localized muscle stiffness, as measured by shear wave speed (SWS) of medial gastrocnemius muscle, fascicle strain, and thickness.Methods/ResultsTwenty-three participants performed a DS protocol. Before and after stretching, SWS was measured in the belly of the resting medial gastrocnemius muscle (MGM) using shear wave elastography. DS produced small improvements in maximum dorsiflexion (+1.5° ±1.5; mean difference ±90% confidence limits) and maximum plantarflexion (+2.3° ±1.8), a small decrease in fascicle strain (-2.6% ±4.4) and a small increase in SWS at neutral resting angle (+11.4% ±1.5). There was also a small increase in muscle thickness (+4.1mm ±2.0).ConclusionsThrough the use of elastography, this is the first study to suggest that DS increases muscle stiffness, decreases fascicle strain and increases muscle thickness as a result of improved RoM. These results can be beneficial to coaches, exercise and clinical scientists when choosing DS as a muscle conditioning or rehabilitation intervention.

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“…Stretching is a frequently used treatment to increase the range of motion of the ankle joints, and several studies have proved its effectiveness 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ) . Various studies have focused their investigations on the biomechanical changes in muscles and tendons due to stretching, using ultrasonography imaging devices, and have shown that muscle stiffness is decreased with stretching 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ) . In clinical practice, the therapist occasionally stretches the foot of the patient manually.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Principal motion analysis of manual stretching techniques for the ankle joints

et al. 2020

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[Purpose] Physical therapists frequently perform manual stretching of the ankle joints. Manual stretching procedures are challenging to define because they involve multidirectional joint motions and external forces. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a method for quantitatively and statistically analyzing the manual foot stretching techniques used by physical therapists. [Participants and Methods] The participants were four physical therapists, and three patients who have a spastic foot. We investigated the manual foot stretching techniques employed by the physical therapists using a three-dimensional analysis system and an instrumented brace with force sensors. Principal motion analysis was applied to the obtained data, and principal motions were determined. [Results] The first principal motion was the application of force for the dorsiflexion of the foot; second, the pushing/pulling of the heel; third, the eversion/inversion of the entire foot; and fourth, the eversion/inversion of the forefoot. Furthermore, the manual stretching techniques varied among the physical therapists, even for the same patient, and some techniques occurred only between particular pairs. [Conclusion] This study demonstrated the effectiveness of the principal motion analysis for the statistical assessment of manual stretching techniques and clarifying differences in stretching technique among physical therapists.

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Acute effects of static stretching on the shear elastic moduli of the medial and lateral gastrocnemius muscles in young and elderly women

Abstract: These results suggested that 5 min of SS might be effective for decreasing shear elastic modulus in both young and elderly women and that the effects on shear elastic modulus are similar between young and elderly women.

Cited by 32 publications

References 45 publications

Effects of static stretching duration on muscle stiffness and blood flow in the rectus femoris in adolescents

Effects of static stretching duration on muscle stiffness and blood flow in the rectus femoris in adolescents

Effects of an acute bout of dynamic stretching on biomechanical properties of the gastrocnemius muscle determined by shear wave elastography

Principal motion analysis of manual stretching techniques for the ankle joints

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