Acute effects of stretching exercise on the soleus muscle of female aged rats

Effects of resistive exercise and stretching on the soleus muscle of ovariectomized rats

“…In the same study, type I collagen showed lower concentrations in comparison to type III collagen. Zotz et al 10 also verified an increased percentage of immunopositive area of type III collagen and a decrease in the type I collagen of aged, female rats. Thus, stretching exercises, performed on young and aged rats, can modulate the connective tissue turnover.…”

“…In addition, the force to promote the stretching was not quantified, which could be solved by using a device with a load cell, as mentioned by Zotz et al 10 In this study, there was no connective tissue and molecular analysis, such as to evaluate the gene expressions related to sarcopenia and hypertrophy. Thus, it is suggested that future studies should investigate the molecular mechanisms responsible for sarcopenia and sarcomerogenesis induced by ovariectomized rats subjected to stretching and/or resistive exercise protocols.…”

“…Furthermore, stretching and/or resistive training can increase the serial sarcomere number and muscle fiber cross-sectional area of young rats 8,9 . Furthermore, in a recent study with aging female rats submitted to stretching exercise, an antifibrotic action was also detected 10 .…”

Effects of Resistance Training on Matrix Metalloproteinase Activity in Skeletal Muscles and Blood Circulation During Aging

“…Souza et al ( 2014 ) and Prestes et al ( 2009 ) showed an increase in MMP-2 activity induced by RT (12 weeks, 3 times per week) in an obesity model and hypoestrogenism in rat skeletal muscles, which indicates that mechanical loading exercise exerts important regulatory roles in ECM homeostasis and the remodeling of muscle fibers and local connective tissue. In addition, previous studies have demonstrated that mechanical load exercise promotes positive adaptations in the ECM in the muscle and partially reverses the deleterious effects of aging through increased collagen I and III turnover (Kragstrup et al, 2011 ; Wood and Brooks, 2016 ; Zotz et al, 2016 ). Finally, RT can be a helpful tool to control MMP-2 and MM-9 activity in the circulation and to control the inflammatory balance (Nascimento et al, 2015 ).…”

Adaptações morfofuncionais do músculo esquelético em camundongos com diferentes faixas etárias: efeito do treinamento físico na regeneração muscular

“…macrófagos para a remoção dos debris celulares (CAROSIO et al, 2011 Em condições basais a fina rede de colágeno intersticial fornece integridade estrutural que auxilia na junção miotendínea e integridade da matriz extracelular, facilitando o encurtamento muscular, o que se traduz na produção de força de maneira eficiente. Por outro lado, com o envelhecimento ocorre uma expressão excessiva de colágeno e uma mudança em seu tipo (para um mais rijo e menos complacente) e, maior migração de fibroblastos, prejudicando a produção de força muscular, ao passo que distintas estratégias com exercício físico tem demonstrado minimizar o efeito do envelhecimento -com maior expressão de colágeno mais complacente e melhora na transmissão de força muscular (ZOTZ et al, 2016;GIANELO et al, 2016;BRAGGION et al, 2016).…”