Acute effects of summer air pollution on respiratory health of asthmatic children.

Gielen, M H; Zee, Saskia C. van der; Wijnen, J.H. van; Steen, Christopher; Brunekreef, Bert

doi:10.1164/ajrccm.155.6.9196122

Cited by 125 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…In two other panel studies [23,24] conducted in Mexico City, Mexico, where there are high levels of pollution, symptoms and decreases in PEF were associated with O 3 and PM10 levels. In a study conducted in the Netherlands [25], BS was associated with a decrease in PEF, acute respiratory symptoms and medication use. Weaker associations were found for PM10 and O 3 levels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Short-term health effects of particulate and photochemical air pollution in asthmatic children

Just¹,

Ségala²,

Sahraoui³

et al. 2002

Eur Respir J

101

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In a previous panel study in Paris, France, detrimental effects of moderately high levels of winter air pollution on the symptoms and lung function of asthmatic children were demonstrated. A new study was conducted, with the aim of assessing the short-term effects of photo-oxidant and particulate air pollution on childhood asthma during spring and early summer in Paris.Eighty-two medically diagnosed asthmatic children were followed up for 3 months. Outcomes included the incidence and prevalence of asthma attacks, nocturnal cough, supplementary use of b 2 -agonists, symptoms of airway irritation, and peak expiratory flow (PEF) value and its variability. The statistical methods controlled for the lack of independence between daily health outcomes, temporal trends and pollen and weather conditions.Black smoke and nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) were associated with increases in the occurrence of nocturnal cough and respiratory infections. Ozone (O 3 ) was associated with an increase in the occurrence of asthma attacks and respiratory infections and with changes in lung function, as shown by an increase in PEF variability and a decrease in PEF. Statistically significant interactions were demonstrated between O 3 and temperature and between O 3 and pollen count for asthma attacks. O 3 levels had a greater effect on additional bronchodilator use and on irritations of the eyes, nose and throat on days on which no steroids were used. Particulate matter was associated with eye irritation only.This study showed that, although within international air quality standards, the prevailing levels of photo-oxidant and particulate pollution in spring and early summer had measurable short-term effects on children with mild-to-moderate asthma. Eur Respir J 2002; 20: 899-906 The short-term effects of air pollution in humans are predominantly assessed by means of time series studies. These recently reviewed [1] studies have shown broadly consistent associations between air pollutants and a number of related outcomes, such as total mortality, cardiorespiratory mortality and hospital admissions. To ensure that relationships observed are causal, it is necessary to check that studies with different designs show similar associations [2] and that there is coherence between a broad range of related health outcomes [3]. As recently reviewed [4,5], panel studies provide these advantages. The health effects are measured on an individual basis, whereas the exposure data are mostly based on aggregated data. These studies are often conducted on the most susceptible subgroups of the population, such as children and asthmatics. Previously, a panel study was conducted in Paris, France [6], in which the detrimental effect of moderately high levels of winter air pollution on the symptoms and lung function of asthmatic children was demonstrated. As attention is increasingly focused on photo-oxidant air pollution episodes, a new study was conducted with the aim of assessing the short-term effects of photo-oxidant and particulate pollution on the heal...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Short-term health effects of particulate and photochemical air pollution in asthmatic children

Just¹,

Ségala²,

Sahraoui³

et al. 2002

Eur Respir J

101

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“…However, European research has had access to black smoke measurements. A panel study of 61 (77% on asthma medications) children in the summer showed stronger associations for black smoke than for PM 10 in relation to PEF, respiratory symptoms, and bronchodilator use (94). The authors hypothesized that black smoke may be a better surrogate for fine particles emitted by diesel engines or for other chemicals that may be the causal components in DE.…”

Section: Epidemiologic Evidence For Pollutant Mixtures Containing Pahmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiologic evidence for asthma and exposure to air toxics: linkages between occupational, indoor, and community air pollution research.

Delfino

2002

Environ Health Perspect

269

152

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Outdoor ambient air pollutant exposures in communities are relevant to the acute exacerbation and possibly the onset of asthma. However, the complexity of pollutant mixtures and etiologic heterogeneity of asthma has made it difficult to identify causal components in those mixtures. Occupational exposures associated with asthma may yield clues to causal components in ambient air pollution because such exposures are often identifiable as single-chemical agents (e.g., metal compounds). However, translating occupational to community exposure-response relationships is limited. Of the air toxics found to cause occupational asthma, only formaldehyde has been frequently investigated in epidemiologic studies of allergic respiratory responses to indoor air, where general consistency can be shown despite lower ambient exposures. The specific volatile organic compounds (VOCs) identified in association with occupational asthma are generally not the same as those in studies showing respiratory effects of VOC mixtures on nonoccupational adult and pediatric asthma. In addition, experimental evidence indicates that airborne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) exposures linked to diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) have proinflammatory effects on airways, but there is insufficient supporting evidence from the occupational literature of effects of DEPs on asthma or lung function. In contrast, nonoccupational epidemiologic studies have frequently shown associations between allergic responses or asthma with exposures to ambient air pollutant mixtures with PAH components, including black smoke, high home or school traffic density (particularly truck traffic), and environmental tobacco smoke. Other particle-phase and gaseous co-pollutants are likely causal in these associations as well. Epidemiologic research on the relationship of both asthma onset and exacerbation to air pollution is needed to disentangle effects of air toxics from monitored criteria air pollutants such as particle mass. Community studies should focus on air toxics expected to have adverse respiratory effects based on biological mechanisms, particularly irritant and immunological pathways to asthma onset and exacerbation.

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“…In population studies, effects of air pollution have been associated with asthma morbidity and exacerbation ofsymptoms. Increased hospitalizations (1,2), emergency room and dinic visits (3,4), and medication use (5) due to asthma attacks, as well as decreased peak flow measurements (6) in asthmatics, have been associated with air pollution. However, the relationship between the prevalence of asthma and air pollution has yet to be proven.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate, traffic-related air pollutants, and asthma prevalence in middle-school children in taiwan.

Guo

Lin

Sung

et al. 1999

Environ Health Perspect

162

105

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This study compared the prevalence of asthma with climate and air pollutant data to determine the relationship between asthma prevalence and these factors. We conducted a nationwide survey of respiratory illness and symptoms in middle-school students in Taiwan. Lifetime prevalences of physician-diagnosed asthma and of typical symptoms of asthma were compared to air monitoring station data for temperature, relative humidity, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, ozone, carbon monoxide, and particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter . 10 jam (PM1O). A total of 331,686 nonsmoking children attended schools located within 2 km of 55 stations. Asthma prevalence rates adjusted for age, history of atopic eczema, and parental education were associated with nonsummer (June-August) temperature, winter January-March) humidity, and trafficrelated air pollution, especially carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides, for both girls and boys.Nonsummer temperature, winter humidity, and traffic-related air pollution, especially carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides, were positively associated with the prevalence of asthma in middle-school students in Taiwan.

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Acute effects of summer air pollution on respiratory health of asthmatic children.

Cited by 125 publications

References 2 publications

Short-term health effects of particulate and photochemical air pollution in asthmatic children

Short-term health effects of particulate and photochemical air pollution in asthmatic children

Epidemiologic evidence for asthma and exposure to air toxics: linkages between occupational, indoor, and community air pollution research.

Climate, traffic-related air pollutants, and asthma prevalence in middle-school children in taiwan.

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