Acute Effects of TASER X26 Discharges in a Swine Model

Dennis, Andrew; Valentino, Daniel J.; Walter, Robert; Nagy, Kimberly; Winners, Jerry; Bokhari, Faran; Wiley, Dorion; Joseph, Kimberly; Roberts, Richard M.

doi:10.1097/ta.0b013e3180683c16

Cited by 84 publications

(108 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Reported cases of TASER ® induced rhabdomyolysis have been mild [5] but serious cases have also been reported [6]. While no direct link has been established between clinically significant rhabdomyolysis and TASER ® device application [7][8][9] muscle damage and subclinical elevations serum CK levels [7,10,11] are well documented. The relationship between exposure and development of rhabdomyolysis has been debated because individuals exposed to TASER ® shocks had concurrent conditions predisposing them to muscle damage [5,12].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

TASER ® Electronic Control Device- Induced Rhabdomyolysis and Renal Failure: A Case Report

Gleason

Ahmad

2015

JCDR

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Local law enforcement officers were called to an auto parts store when a 31-year-old African American male with a history of schizophrenia and hypertension complicated by medical noncompliance was frightening customers. He was reportedly "acting strange" and seemed to be "responding to internal stimuli". When law enforcement arrived to the scene the man was taken into custody and transported without difficulty to our emergency department.On arrival to the emergency department he was moving all extremities and speaking nonsensically. He was uncooperative toward staff for further evaluation including intravenous (IV) catheter placement or vital sign measurements. His agitation worsened and he became physically combative. He was given 10 mg of haloperidol and 2mg of lorazepam intramuscularly to quell his violent state but these measures were ultimately ineffective. Multiple police officers and hospital staff members tried to restrain the patient but were unsuccessful. Because he continued to exhibit violent behaviour and was unable to be physically subdued by police he received three five-second TASER ® shocks from an X26 device. After being tasered and placed in restraints the patients vital signs were obtained. He had a temperature of 36.8 0 C (98.2 0 F), blood pressure 154/109 mm Hg, heart rate 106 beats per minute, respiratory rate 26 breaths per minute. His oxygen saturation was 96% on room air. On physical exam he appeared to be a well-developed adult male in four point restraints. His pupils were equal and reactive bilaterally. He was tachycardic but did not exhibit murmurs, gallops or rubs. Lungs were clear to auscultation bilaterally. Abdomen was soft and non-distended without appreciable organomegaly. His skin was warm and dry. He exhibited no focal physical neurologic deficits but was oriented only to his own name. Two TASER ® probes were removed from between his shoulder blades by nursing staff.Laboratory data, was obtained five hours after arrival and was remarkable for a negative serum ethanol level, a negative urine drug screen, white blood cell count was 13600, haemoglobin 13.5 g/dl and haematocrit 39.6%, lactic acid was 3.6 mmol/L. A venous blood gas showed pH 7.36, PCO 2 43 mm Hg, PO 2 39 mm Hg and venous oxygen saturation 72%. Urinalysis revealed cloudy yellow urine with specific gravity of 1.018, protein 30 mg/dL and microscopy showed 1-3 wbc, 8-10 rbc per hpf. An initial metabolic panel and creatine kinase (CK) were obtained [

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

TASER ® Electronic Control Device- Induced Rhabdomyolysis and Renal Failure: A Case Report

Gleason

Ahmad

2015

JCDR

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“…52 In one series of experiments, swine anesthetized with ketamine (versus other anesthetics) exhibited a higher incidence of ventricular fibrillation. 53 Whether these effects of ketamine or xylazine explain, in part, the deaths in the series of Dennis et al 48 is unknown.…”

Section: Effects On the Cardiovascular Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In another study of swine by Dennis et al, 48 two out of eight animals died due to ventricular fibrillation following two 40-s applications of a TASER X26 device. The animals in that study were anesthetized with ketamine/xylazine.…”

Section: Effects On the Cardiovascular Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Deaths in custody: Are some due to electronic control devices (including TASER® devices) or excited delirium?

Jauchem

2010

Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine

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a b s t r a c tDeaths have occurred after law-enforcement incidents involving applications of electronic control devices (ECDs) (including TASER Ò devices). An ''excited delirium" syndrome (reported in the literature prior to the development of ECDs currently in use), however, includes several factors that may be related to such deaths in custody. In this review, potential detrimental effects of ECDs are compared with possible changes due to excited delirium. Although extreme (i.e., long-duration or repeated) exposures to ECDs can result in significant hyperkalaemia, acidaemia, and myoglobinemia in animal models, limited applications (such as those normally used in law-enforcement situations) would appear to have only transient effects. In addition, the hyperthermia observed in patients with excited delirium does not seem to be directly exacerbated by ECD applications. ECD use is unlikely to be a common cause of ventricular fibrillation, but other events that are generally associated with excited delirium (e.g., drug use) may be related to subsequent ventricular fibrillation or asystole. Metabolic or respiratory acidosis may only be serious consequences of long-duration or repeated ECD applications. On the basis of current available information, factors other than ECDs themselves may be more important when death occurs after the use of ECDs.

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“…The safety questions relate to the level of risk to the CEW subject. This question has been studied from the point of view of electrical safety standards [4,5], animal models [5,6,7], tests on police volunteers [8], and retrospective analysis of police custody records [9]. All such safety research is made difficult by two factors: 1) is very difficult to build an adequate model of an arrest scenario, and 2) the occurrence of negative outcomes is so low (1 to 6 per year in Canada) that the statistical significance of study results is low.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a performance calibration system for X-26 tasers

Dawson

Maimaitijiang

Adler

2010

2010 IEEE International Workshop on Medical Measurements and Applications

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Abstract-Conducted Energy Weapons (specifically the Taser) are being increasingly used by police in several countries, and have also been subject to significant media concern over the level of emissions and applicable safety standards. One issue has been the variability in electrical output between weapons, and of individual weapons over time. In order to address this issue, we present work to: 1) establish consensus on the appropriate electrical parameters to characterize a weapon's biomedical effects, and 2) the development and design of a portable test system to measure these parameters. A weapon is electrically connected to a calibrated dummy resistive load of 600 ohms and fired for 5s while the output voltage is measured and the parameters are subsequently calculated. This test system has been used to characterize 256 shots from 84 weapons over 8 test episodes spanning 16 months.

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Acute Effects of TASER X26 Discharges in a Swine Model

Cited by 84 publications

References 29 publications

TASER ® Electronic Control Device- Induced Rhabdomyolysis and Renal Failure: A Case Report

TASER ® Electronic Control Device- Induced Rhabdomyolysis and Renal Failure: A Case Report

Deaths in custody: Are some due to electronic control devices (including TASER® devices) or excited delirium?

Development of a performance calibration system for X-26 tasers

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