Acute Effects of the Novel Psychoactive Drug 2C-B on Emotions

González, Débora; Torrens, Marta; Farré, Magı́

doi:10.1155/2015/643878

Cited by 26 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…Many users described entactogenic effects similar to MDMA. We believe that these descriptions add to previous literature that notes that 2C‐B use is associated with euphoria and mild hallucinations (Gonzalez, Torrens, & Farre, ; Papaseit et al, ). The use of other 2C series compounds was less common, and the effects have not been described in great detail in the published literature.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

A qualitative descriptive analysis of effects of psychedelic phenethylamines and tryptamines

Palamar

Acosta

2020

Human Psychopharmacology

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Objective: The number of novel psychedelic phenethylamines and tryptamines has continued to increase, but little academic research has focused on the effects of these substances. We sought to determine and compare the subjective effects of various substances. Methods:We conducted in-depth interviews with 39 adults (75.4% male and 87.2% White) who reported experience using psychedelic phenethylamines and/or tryptamines. Participants described the effects of compounds they have used. We examined the subjective drug effects in a qualitative descriptive manner.Results: Participants reported on the use of 36 compounds. The majority (64.1%) reported the use of 2C series drugs, with 2C-B use being most prevalent; 38.5% reported the use of NBOMe, and 25.6% reported the use of DOx. With regard to tryptamines, 46.2% reported use, and 4-AcO-DMT was the most prevalent drug used in this class. 2C-B was often described as being more favorable than other 2C series compounds with the effects described as being comparable with MDMA and LSD. NBOMe effects were generally described in an unfavorable manner, and the effects of DOx were often described as lasting too long (12-36 hr). The effects of 4-AcO-DMT were often described as mimicking psilocybin.Conclusion: Knowing the effects of various compounds can inform education, prevention, and harm reduction efforts regarding the use of these drugs. K E Y W O R D Sdrug effects, new psychoactive substances, phenethylamines, psychedelics, tryptamines

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

A qualitative descriptive analysis of effects of psychedelic phenethylamines and tryptamines

Palamar

Acosta

2020

Human Psychopharmacology

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“…In one of the few clinical studies of a designer drug, 4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenylethylamine (2C-B) was shown to induce euphoria, well-being, and changes in perception, and to have mild stimulant properties (González et al 2015). 2C-B may thus be classified as a psychedelic with entactogenic properties, an effect profile that is similar to various other phenethylamine psychedelics (Shulgin and Shulgin 1995).…”

Section: Phenethylaminesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Designer drugs: mechanism of action and adverse effects

2020

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Psychoactive substances with chemical structures or pharmacological profiles that are similar to traditional drugs of abuse continue to emerge on the recreational drug market. Internet vendors may at least temporarily sell these so-called designer drugs without adhering to legal statutes or facing legal consequences. Overall, the mechanism of action and adverse effects of designer drugs are similar to traditional drugs of abuse. Stimulants, such as amphetamines and cathinones, primarily interact with monoamine transporters and mostly induce sympathomimetic adverse effects. Agonism at l-opioid receptors and c-aminobutyric acid-A (GABA A) or GABA B receptors mediates the pharmacological effects of sedatives, which may induce cardiorespiratory depression. Dissociative designer drugs primarily act as N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists and pose similar health risks as the medically approved dissociative anesthetic ketamine. The cannabinoid type 1 (CB 1) receptor is thought to drive the psychoactive effects of synthetic cannabinoids, which are associated with a less desirable effect profile and more severe adverse effects compared with cannabis. Serotonergic 5-hydroxytryptamine-2A (5-HT 2A) receptors mediate alterations of perception and cognition that are induced by serotonergic psychedelics. Because of their novelty, designer drugs may remain undetected by routine drug screening, thus hampering evaluations of adverse effects. Intoxication reports suggest that several designer drugs are used concurrently, posing a high risk for severe adverse effects and even death.

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“…These doses were comparable to the reported recreational doses. Doses derived from clinical studies are available for mephedrone (200 mg; Papaseit et al, 2016 ), 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (100–125 mg; Tancer and Johanson, 2003 ; Papaseit et al, 2016 ; Vizeli and Liechti, 2017 ); MDAI (3 mg/kg; V. Auwärter et al, personal communication); cathinone (0.5 base mg/kg; Brenneisen et al, 1990 ); 4-fluoroamphetamine (100 mg; K. Kuypers et al, personal communication); D-amphetamine (15–40 mg; Martin et al, 1971 ; Brauer and de Wit, 1996 ; Dolder et al, 2017b ); methamphetamine (15–30 mg; Martin et al, 1971 ; Gouzoulis-Mayfrank et al, 1999 ); MDEA (2 mg/kg; Gouzoulis-Mayfrank et al, 1999 ); BZP (100 mg; Lin et al, 2011 ); mCPP (0.5–0.75 mg/kg; Tancer and Johanson, 2003 ); methylphenidate (40–60 mg; Schmid et al, 2014 ); cocaine (48–96 mg; Volkow et al, 2000 ); diclofensine (50 mg; Funke et al, 1986 ); LSD (0.1 mg; Dolder et al, 2017a ); 2C-B (20 mg; Gonzalez et al, 2015 ); mescaline sulfate (500 mg; Hermle et al, 1992 ); and psilocin/psilocybin (5–20 mg; Studerus et al, 2012 ). Therefore, even though the dose estimates of the current study were not derived from clinical studies, they are in accordance with the available clinical data.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monoamine Transporter and Receptor Interaction Profiles in Vitro Predict Reported Human Doses of Novel Psychoactive Stimulants and Psychedelics

Luethi

Liechti

2018

International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology

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BackgroundPharmacological profiles of new psychoactive substances can be established rapidly in vitro and provide information on potential psychoactive effects in humans. The present study investigated whether specific in vitro monoamine transporter and receptor interactions can predict effective psychoactive doses in humans.MethodsWe correlated previously assessed in vitro data of stimulants and psychedelics with human doses that are reported on the Internet and in books.ResultsFor stimulants, dopamine and norepinephrine transporter inhibition potency was positively correlated with human doses, whereas serotonin transporter inhibition potency was inversely correlated with human doses. Serotonin 5-hydroxytryptamine-2A (5-HT2A) and 5-HT2C receptor affinity was significantly correlated with psychedelic doses, but 5-HT1A receptor affinity and 5-HT2A and 5-HT2B receptor activation potency were not.ConclusionsThe rapid assessment of in vitro pharmacological profiles of new psychoactive substances can help to predict psychoactive doses and effects in humans and facilitate the appropriate scheduling of new psychoactive substances.

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Acute Effects of the Novel Psychoactive Drug 2C-B on Emotions

Cited by 26 publications

References 78 publications

A qualitative descriptive analysis of effects of psychedelic phenethylamines and tryptamines

A qualitative descriptive analysis of effects of psychedelic phenethylamines and tryptamines

Designer drugs: mechanism of action and adverse effects

Monoamine Transporter and Receptor Interaction Profiles in Vitro Predict Reported Human Doses of Novel Psychoactive Stimulants and Psychedelics

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