Acute Effects of Transdermal Administration of Jojoba Oil on Lipid Metabolism in Mice

Abstract

Background and objectives: Aroma therapy is a complementary therapy using essential oils diluted with carrier oils. Jojoba oils have been widely used as carrier oils. However, limited information is available regarding their effects on blood biochemical parameters. This study aimed to investigate the effect of transdermal administration of jojoba oil on blood biochemical parameters in mice. Materials and Methods: Eight-week-old male hairless mice were randomly divided into naïve control and treatment groups. In the treatment group, mice were topically administered 4 μL of jojoba oil, per gram of body weight, on the dorsa 30 min before euthanasia. Thereafter, serum biochemical parameters were assayed, and gene expression was analyzed in various tissues via a real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: Serum non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) levels increased significantly 30 min after topical application of jojoba oil (p < 0.05). Atgl was significantly upregulated in the liver (p < 0.05), and Atgl upregulation in the liver was positively correlated with serum NEFA levels (r = 0.592, p < 0.05). Furthermore, a trend of decreasing fatty acid trafficking-related gene (FABPpm, FATP-1, FATP-3, and FATP-4) expression in the skin after topical application of jojoba oil (p = 0.067, 0.074, 0.076, and 0.082, respectively) was observed. Conclusions: Serum NEFA levels were elevated 30 min after transdermal administration of jojoba oil. The mechanisms of elevated serum NEFA levels might be related to both enhanced lipolysis in the liver and reduced fatty acid trafficking in the skin.

Jojoba Oil: An Updated Comprehensive Review on Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Uses, and Toxicity

“…These changes contribute to the overall softness of the skin and make it possible to accommodate stretching and movement without cracks and tears, perceived as scaliness, developing on the surface. That surface suppleness changes rapidly in response to the application of water or known emollients [ 6 , 8 , 10 , 11 , 44 ]. Jojoba oil in single-phase and emulsion systems shows an excellent lubricity without the oily, greasy feel of other lipids, especially lanolin and petrolatum [ 45 ].…”

“…Stable valacyclovir solid lipid nanoparticles were successfully prepared using jojoba oil. The prepared nanoparticles were stable with high entrapment efficiency of valacyclovir, which can be an effective delivery system in treating viral infections in humans [ 8 ]. In addition, nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) were developed in semisolid preparation using jojoba oil as the liquid lipid.…”

“…A mixture of jojoba oil and hydrogenated jojoba wax was not mutagenic both with and without activation in the Ames assay [ 8 , 10 , 44 , 89 ]. Taguchi measured the safety of Jobacohol, which was produced by sodium reduction and molecular distillation.…”

“…The leaf extract, combined with extracts from other plants, also acts as anti-inflammatory agents to treat sensitive skin stress [ 7 ]. Jojoba cosmetic products currently on the market include the following: bath oil, body oil, cleansing creams, cleansing pads, cleansing scrubs, nourishing facial cream, facial oil, hair conditioner, hair oil, makeup remover, and shaving cream [ 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ].…”

Medicinal properties of jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis)

“…In addition, the antioxidant and tocopherol content of jojoba mentioned above may be used to reduce skin-related oxidative stress (Kahremany et al 2019). However, it should be noted that jojoba can also exert contact dermatitis (Wantke et al 1996;Di Berardino et al 2006) and may be absorbed systemically if high topical amounts are applied (Yaron et al 1980;Matsumoto et al 2019).…”