Acute Exposure to Electronic and Combustible Cigarette Aerosols: Effects in an Animal Model and in Human Alveolar Cells

Husari, Ahmad; Shihadeh, Alan; Talih, Soha; Hashem, Yasmine; Sabban, Marwan El; Zaatari, Ghazi

doi:10.1093/ntr/ntv169

Cited by 101 publications

(113 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…305 Particular ENDS flavors are more cytotoxic than others, but generally most studied ENDS liquids are much less cytotoxic than cigarette smoke extract. 213,228,238,250,254,260,295,296,308 In cytotoxicity studies, cinnamon flavor in ENDS was found to be the most toxic (i.e., inhibiting cell survival or inducing cell stress/morphologic change) when comparing flavors. 198,247 Most studies find that nicotine levels are not correlated with cytotoxicity.…”

Section: Evidence Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems: A Systematic Review

Glasser

Collins

Pearson

et al. 2017

American Journal of Preventive Medicine

420

332

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Context Rapid developments in e-cigarettes, or electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), and the evolution of the overall tobacco product marketplace warrant frequent evaluation of the published literature. The purpose of this article is to report updated findings from a comprehensive review of the published scientific literature on ENDS. Evidence acquisition The authors conducted a systematic review of published empirical research literature on ENDS through May 31, 2016, using a detailed search strategy in the PubMed electronic database, expert review, and additional targeted searches. Included studies presented empirical findings and were coded to at least one of nine topics: (1) Product Features; (2) Health Effects; (3) Consumer Perceptions; (4) Patterns of Use; (5) Potential to Induce Dependence; (6) Smoking Cessation; (7) Marketing and Communication; (8) Sales; and (9) Policies; reviews and commentaries were excluded. Data from included studies were extracted by multiple coders (October 2015 to August 2016) into a standardized form and synthesized qualitatively by topic. Evidence synthesis There were 686 articles included in this systematic review. The majority of studies assessed patterns of ENDS use and consumer perceptions of ENDS, followed by studies examining health effects of vaping and product features. Conclusions Studies indicate that ENDS are increasing in use, particularly among current smokers, pose substantially less harm to smokers than cigarettes, are being used to reduce/quit smoking, and are widely available. More longitudinal studies and controlled trials are needed to evaluate the impact of ENDS on population-level tobacco use and determine the health effects of longer-term vaping.

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Section: Evidence Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems: A Systematic Review

Glasser

Collins

Pearson

et al. 2017

American Journal of Preventive Medicine

420

332

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Recent studies have found that exhaled ecigarette aerosol contains nicotine, propylene glycol, glycerol, particulate matter, ultra-fine particles, and VOCs [14][15][16]. Another study found that exposure to the secondhand aerosol was associated with an increase in serum cotinine levels similar to traditional cigarette smokers [17]. The large number of people using e-cigarettes indoors at vaping conventions may increase health risks among attendees and convention workers.…”

Section: Intoductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of indoor air quality at an electronic cigarette (Vaping) convention

Rui

Aherrera

Isichei

et al. 2017

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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E-cigarette (vaping) conventions are public events promoting electronic cigarettes, in which indoor use of e-cigarettes is allowed. The large concentration of people using e-cigarettes and poor air ventilation can result in indoor air pollution. In order to estimate this worst-case exposure to e-cigarettes, we evaluated indoor air quality in a vaping convention in Maryland (MD), USA. Real-time concentrations of particulate matter (PM 10 ) and real-time total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs), CO 2 and NO 2 concentrations were measured. Integrated samples of air nicotine and PM 10 concentrations were also collected. The number of attendees was estimated to range from 75 to 600 at any single observation time. The estimated 24-h timeweighted average (TWA) PM 10 was 1800 μg/m 3 , 12-fold higher than the EPA 24-h regulation (150 μg/m 3 ). Median (range) indoor TVOCs concentration was 0.13 (0.04-0.3) ppm. PM 10 and TVOC concentrations were highly correlated with CO 2 concentrations, indicating the high number of people using e-cigarettes and poor indoor air quality. Air nicotine concentration was 125 μg/m 3 , equivalent to concentrations measured in bars and nightclubs. E-cigarette aerosol in a vaping convention that congregates many e-cigarette users is a major source of PM 10 , air nicotine and VOCs, impairing indoor air quality. These findings also raise occupational concerns for e-cigarette vendors and other venue staff workers. IntoductionElectronic cigarettes (also called Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems and e-cigarettes) are battery-powered devices that deliver an aerosol with or without nicotine and flavorings, instead of burning tobacco [1]. E-cigarette use is rapidly increasing worldwide [2]. According to CDC reports from 2014, 12.6% of adults (40.2 million) had ever tried an e-cigarette and about 3.7% of adults (11.8 million)were currently using e-cigarettes every day or some days in the United States [3]. Among the current users, 2.4 million were middle-aged and high school-aged students [4]. Estimated global sales of e-cigarettes reached $2 billion in 2014 and is projected to increase to $10 billion in 2017 [5]. E-cigarettes have been heavily promoted through vape shop advertisements, social media, and "vaping conventions". Vaping conventions, or vape expos, are public events that promote the newest device trends and flavors, and provide information on e-cigarette products. These events attract a large number of e-cigarette enthusiasts, vendors, and local residents, and allow (and promote) e-cigarette use inside the venues. Williams [6] reported that 90 vaping conventions were held in 37 different locations in the US from 2010 to 2015 (average of 15 per year). As part of the attraction, entertainment events, such as "cloud competitions" and several trick competitions (artistic plumes) are scheduled during the day. These competitions reward those who can generate the largest, densest or most artistic plume with free merchandise [7].Growing evidence indicates that inhaled e-cigarette aerosol i...

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“…Increased IL-6 levels are associated with increased severity and persistence of joint pain (4). Notably, cigarette smoke extract in non-cytotoxic doses is capable of increasing the levels of IL-6 in cell cultures (28) and in animal models (29). Additionally, smoking correlates with higher serum levels of IL-6 in apparently healthy individuals, the elderly and HIV-infected patients (30)(31)(32).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smoking and female sex as key risk factors associated with severe arthralgia in acute and chronic phases of Chikungunya virus infection

Delgado‐Enciso

Paz‐Michel²,

Melnikov

et al. 2017

Exp Ther Med

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Abstract. Arthralgia is a potentially incapacitating condition and a persistent symptom in chronic or acute episodes of Chikungunya fever caused by infection with the Chikungunya virus (CHIKV). To the best of our knowledge, there are no reports on risk factors associated with the intensity of arthralgias in typical acute episodes of the disease. Although a number of studies have reported on risk factors associated with the development of the chronic stage of the disease, smoking habits have not been analyzed. Smoking is an interesting factor to consider since it is the main environmental risk factor for the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a similar disease to CHIKV in many aspects. In the present study, 140 patients infected with CHIKV were assessed for risk factors associated with severe arthralgia intensity in the acute phase (pain of 9/10 on the visual analog scale of 0-10) and moderate to severe intensity (according to the Routine Assessment of Patient Index Data 3) 3.5 months after infection in patients that experienced the chronic phase of the disease. Women and smokers were 2-to 3-times more likely to experience severe pain in the acute and chronic stages. Likewise, the presence of severe arthralgia during the acute disease phase resulted in a 4-fold increased risk for entering the chronic phase. Smoking was a more important risk factor in males compared with females. Smoking resulted in a 20-fold increased risk for severe arthralgia during the acute phase in men, as well as a 10-fold increased risk for developing chronic disease with moderate-to-severe pain 3.5 months after the acute stage. The presence of rash, headache, muscular weakness or conjunctivitis in the acute phase, the presence of diabetes and age >40 years were considered significant risk factors due to their influence on illness progression. In conclusion, smoking and female sex were the main risk factors associated with development of severe joint pain in the acute and chronic phases of Chikungunya fever. These risk factors are similar to those associated with the development and severity of RA, possibly because the two diseases share pathophysiological mechanisms, including elevated interleukin-6 levels.

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Acute Exposure to Electronic and Combustible Cigarette Aerosols: Effects in an Animal Model and in Human Alveolar Cells

Abstract: Despite higher exposure conditions, ECIG exhibited less toxic effects on lungs of experimental animals and on A549 cell cultures when compared to CS.

Cited by 101 publications

References 16 publications

Overview of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems: A Systematic Review

Overview of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems: A Systematic Review

Assessment of indoor air quality at an electronic cigarette (Vaping) convention

Smoking and female sex as key risk factors associated with severe arthralgia in acute and chronic phases of Chikungunya virus infection

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