Acute Fatal Poisoning by Methomyl Caused by Inhalation and Transdermal Absorption

Tsatsakis, Aristidis; Βertsias, George; Mammas, Ioannis N.; Stiakakis, I.; Georgopoulos, Dimitris

doi:10.1007/s001280021

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…The majority of cases had clinical symptoms that included abdominal cramping and convulsion, agitation, tachipnea and dyspnea, bradycardia, tonic and clonic convulsions, muscle tremors, seizures and coma, all typical for lanate (Methomyl) (8) which was confirmed by the poison analysis. The necropsy and histopathological findings such as: thickening and congestion of the gastric mucosa, congestion of the trachea and edematous lungs, degeneration, hemorrhage and necrosis of the liver, spleen, pancreas, lungs, adrenal glands and the urinary tract are also characteristic for poisoning with lanate (9,10,11).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This results in a cholinergic crisis followed by muscarine, nicotine and central nervous signs such as: miosis, hypersecretion of exocrine glands, bradycardia, tonic and clonic convulsions (8). Necropsy findings include: congestion of gastric mucosa with or without petechial hemorrhages; congestion of viscera such aslung tracheae and bronchi, as well as edematous lungs (9,10,11). The liver, spleen, pancreas, adrenal glands and the urinary tract show degenerative changes (11).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Necropsy findings include: congestion of gastric mucosa with or without petechial hemorrhages; congestion of viscera such aslung tracheae and bronchi, as well as edematous lungs (9,10,11). The liver, spleen, pancreas, adrenal glands and the urinary tract show degenerative changes (11). Anticoagulant rodenticides, especially coumarin show generalized hemorrhages in various organs (liver, kidneys, intestines, heart, and lungs) (12).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Poisoning of Dogs in the Republic of Macedonia- Pathomorphological Changes and the Impact on Animal Welfare

Gjurovski

Dovenska

Janevsкi

et al. 2018

Macedonian Veterinary Review

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The illegal poisoning of dogs and other domestic and wild animals presents a worldwide problem causing animal suffering and R. Macedonia is not an exeption. The goal of this study is to make a comparison of the results from the histopathological examination conducted among poisoned dogs in the Republic of Macedonia. Morphological and histopathological changes in poisoned dogs were investigated for a period of 10 years. The examination was performed on 31 dogs, 13 of which were home kept, 7 were street dogs and 11 of unknown origin. The most significant necropsy findings concerned the inflammatory and necrotic processes of the gastrointestinal tract. The histopathological changes were mainly located in the kidneys, stomach, intestines and the lungs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Poisoning of Dogs in the Republic of Macedonia- Pathomorphological Changes and the Impact on Animal Welfare

Gjurovski

Dovenska

Janevsкi

et al. 2018

Macedonian Veterinary Review

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“…Although methomyl poisoning in humans has not been widely studied, poisoning cases are known to have occurred. In one such case, a 60-year-old man was exposed via inhalation and transdermal absorption while spraying methomyl in his greenhouse; upon hospitalization his blood concentration was 1.6 mg/L (Tsatsakis et al 2001 ) . Fatalities have resulted from methomyl poisonings-both accidental and suicidal.…”

Section: Mammalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Fate and Toxicology of Methomyl

Scoy

Yue

Deng

et al. 2012

Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology

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The insecticide methomyl, an oxime carbamate, was first introduced in 1968 for broad spectrum control of several insect classes, including Lepidoptera, Hemiptera, Homoptera, Diptera, and Coleoptera. Like other carbamates, it inhibits AChE activity, resulting in nerve and/or tissue failure and possibly death. Considered highly toxic to insects (larval and adult stages), methomyl is thought to be metabolically degraded via mixed-function oxidase(s). Methomyl has both a low vapor pressure and Henry's law constant; hence, volatilization is not a major dissipation route from either water or moist or dry soils. Photolysis represents a minor dissipation pathway; however, under catalytic conditions, degradation via photolysis does occur. Methomyl possesses a moderate-to-high water solubility; thus hydrolysis, under alkaline conditions, represents a major degradation pathway. Methomyl has a low-to-moderate sorption capacity to soil. Although results may vary with soil type and organic matter content, methomyl is unlikely to persist in complex soils. Methomyl is more rapidly degraded by microbes, and bacterial species have been identified that are capable of using methomyl as a carbon and/or nitrogen source. The main degradation products of methomyl from both abiotic and biotic processes are methomyl oxime, acetonitrile, and CO₂. Methomyl is moderately to highly toxic to fishes and very highly toxic to aquatic invertebrates. Methomyl is highly toxic orally to birds and mammals. Methomyl is classed as being highly toxic to humans via oral exposures, moderately toxic via inhalation, and slightly toxic via dermal exposure. At relatively high doses, it can be fatal to humans. Although methomyl has been widely used to treat field crops and has high water solubility, it has only infrequently been detected as a contaminant of water bodies in the USA. It is classified as a restricted-use insecticide because of its toxicity to multiple nontarget species. To prevent nontarget species toxicity or the possibility of contamination, as with all pesticides, great care should be taken when applying methomyl-containing products for agricultural, residential, or other uses.

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“…The research to individuate the chemical risk was carried out by an initial research on the [13], [14], [15], [16], [17], [18].…”

Section: Management Of the Suspected Intoxicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation and Management of Patients with Methomyl Poisoning – A Case Report

Pennisi

Lepore

Santacroce

et al. 2020

Open Access Maced J Med Sci

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The Apulian Poison Centre (PC) of Foggia, Italy, annually manages numerous consultations concerning certain or suspected poisonings from pesticides, starting at the same time a careful activity related to the risk assessment phase. The management of the exposure to pesticides and to other chemicals, and the alerting of the “National center for chemicals, cosmetics and consumer protection” at the Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS), actively contributes to the improvement of products quality and safety. Thus, leading to a reduction in the number of intoxications - and therefore of the accesses to the emergency services - allows greater protection for workers, bystanders, residents and consumers. The reported case of methomyl poisoning has been of fundamental importance both from the medical point of view and for the management of the intoxicated patient, both for the risk assessment actions, and for cooperation with the competent authorities, generating discussion points on the regulations in force between PCs and National Competent Authority. It follows that the feedback of intoxication in an emergency can lead to improvements in the management and risk mitigation measures in order to reach a greater protection of human, animal, and environmental health. In addition, the regulatory feedback deriving from these reports is an input to the increase product quality improvement (mixtures, labels, packaging, and risk communication) leading to a greater protection of potential exposed subjects. The importance of creating an information and management network that allows the optimization of the flow of information deriving from PCs arises. The actions taken are therefore described, both relating to the management of the emergency, and relating to the subsequent information flow and to the measures for containing the consequent risks.

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Acute Fatal Poisoning by Methomyl Caused by Inhalation and Transdermal Absorption

Cited by 12 publications

References 0 publications

Poisoning of Dogs in the Republic of Macedonia- Pathomorphological Changes and the Impact on Animal Welfare

Poisoning of Dogs in the Republic of Macedonia- Pathomorphological Changes and the Impact on Animal Welfare

Environmental Fate and Toxicology of Methomyl

Evaluation and Management of Patients with Methomyl Poisoning – A Case Report

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