“…21 First reported by Beasley et al in 2002, 22 it is an accepted histological pattern of interstitial pneumonia, but is viewed neither as an idiopathic clinicopathological entity nor a disease-specific histological pattern, as there are a variety of causes (drug, infections) and associations (connective tissue disorders, post-transplantation). [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33] It is also not infrequent to see areas of OP, AFOP and DAD in the same autopsy from a patient dying of acute lung injury, and computerised tomography data describe some patients with COVID-19 who have disproportionate consolidation prior to, or alongside, classic DAD, 34,35 which may reflect a cohort with OP/AFOP as a sequelae of immune dysregulation, as seen in anti-synthetase syndrome. 36 Therefore, the presence of AFOP may reflect the final common pathway of DAD, systemic virally induced immune dysregulation, 37 secondary infection or any combination (Figure 1).…”