Acute fulminant hepatitis B following a spit in the eye by a hepatitis B e antigen negative carrier

Ea, Reiss-Levy; Cm, Wilson; Mj, Hedges; McCaughan, Geoffrey W.

doi:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1994.tb138325.x

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The number of droplet splashes on either a pair of cal staff, and hepatitis B may be transmitted by corneal contamination [1][2][3][4]. There is no conclusive proof as to spectacles (J.H.D.)…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Video‐resection does not stop corneal contamination during transurethral resection of the prostate

Muir

Davies

1996

British Journal of Urology

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Objectives To determine the efficacy of video-resectionResults In 20 (67%) of cases, droplets were observed on the eye protection, correlating with potential corneal systems in reducing the risk of corneal contamination during transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) contamination. Splashes were also seen on the facemask of the eyeshield. and thus in decreasing the possibility of transmission of blood-borne diseases from the patient.Conclusion Urologists should use eye and face protection when performing TURP using a video system. Materials and methods After performing a TURP using a video camera system in 30 patients, the number of Keywords Video-resection, eye protection, contamination, transurethral resection of the prostate potential corneal droplets was measured for one operator wearing a pair of spectacles and, for a second operator, over an identically sized area of a standard disposable plastic eyeshield.observed on a television monitor) in 30 patients. The

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Video‐resection does not stop corneal contamination during transurethral resection of the prostate

Muir

Davies

1996

British Journal of Urology

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“…The 13 cases in laboratories were caused by parvovirus B19 (nine cases), with the supposed mode of infection as aerosol inhalation and no further information on the infection event or the clinical outcome, 40 and HIV-1 (four cases). Among the 152 hospital cases analyzed, 142 involved the percutaneous mode of infection non-exclusively and 12 involved the mucocutaneous mode of infection non-exclusively (two of which involved inocula contact with the conjunctiva 41,42 ). Of these 152 cases, 51 were caused by HCV, 91 by HIV (one of which was of simultaneous HIV and HCV infection), eight by parvovirus B19, two by hepatitis B virus (HBV; one of which was of simultaneous HBV and hepatitis D virus (HDV/ delta virus) infection), and one by hepatitis G virus (HGV).…”

Section: Blood-borne Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of these 152 cases, 51 were caused by HCV, 91 by HIV (one of which was of simultaneous HIV and HCV infection), eight by parvovirus B19, two by hepatitis B virus (HBV; one of which was of simultaneous HBV and hepatitis D virus (HDV/ delta virus) infection), and one by hepatitis G virus (HGV). [42][43][44][45][46][47] One case of HIV infection that occurred in a laboratory before 1988 is of great relevance, as the researcher suffered an infection with an in vitro culture-adapted strain of HIV-1 while working in BSL3 conditions carrying out viral stock production procedures. This infection was associated with repeated viral suspension spills inside the centrifuge and in the work area.…”

Section: Blood-borne Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…46 Another noteworthy case was a fulminant hepatitis B case whose mode of infection was mucocutaneous due to contact of the nurse's conjunctiva with a hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-negative HBV carrier patient's saliva. Such a case exemplifies an infection with exceptional severity given the low risk exposure involved once HBeAg is the main marker for the source patient's infectivity; 42 such an infection argues for the case of the relevance of susceptibility of the inoculated person. Another exceptional case was an accidental simultaneous infection with HCV and HIV by percutaneous mode of infection.…”

Section: Blood-borne Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of them had a period of incubation of 13 days, 48 another had 9 days, 49,50 and the third had 2 weeks, 50 while the normal period of incubation for HCV is approximately 2 months; 49 these cases developed acute hepatitis. Table 3 [40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57] shows the clear predominance of the percutaneous mode of infection for HIV and HCV, but not for parvovirus B19 infections. The low number of HBV and HGV infections limits comparisons by their modes of infection ( Table 3).…”

Section: Blood-borne Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Viral infections in workers in hospital and research laboratory settings: a comparative review of infection modes and respective biosafety aspects

Pedrosa

Cardoso

2011

International Journal of Infectious Diseases

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The currently accepted and practiced risk analysis of accidental viral infections based on the conventional dynamics of infection of the etiological agents is insufficient to cope with accidental viral infections in laboratories and to a lesser extent in hospitals, where unconventional modes of infection are less frequently present but still have relevant clinical and potential epidemiological consequences. Unconventional modes of infection, atypical clinical development, or extremely severe cases are frequently present together with high viral loads and high virulence of the agents manipulated in laboratories. In hospitals by contrast, the only possible association of atypical cases is with the individual resistance of the worker. Current standard precaution practices are insufficient to prevent most of the unconventional infections in hospitals analyzed in this study; it is recommended that special attention be given to flaviviruses in these settings.

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Dynamic study of HBsAg and HBeAg in saliva samples from patients with hepatitis B infection: Diagnostic and epidemiological significance

Zhevachevsky¹,

Nomokonova²,

Беклемишев³

et al. 2000

J. Med. Virol.

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Analysis of 505 cases history of patients among men with viral hepatitis demonstrates that HBV infected patients represent 68.9% of the total and that a non-parenteral rate of transmission is the most likely means of hepatitis B infection. Saliva and serum testing for the presence of specific HBV markers (HBsAg, HBeAg and HBV DNA) at different phases of the infection process were carried out to review the diagnostic and epidemiological value of saliva samples from patients with acute viral hepatitis B. The frequency of HBsAg detection by Enzyme Immune Assay (EIA) in saliva of patients in acute period was found to correlate with the frequency of its detection in serum. In early convalescence the frequency of detection of that antigen in serum (59.5% of patients) was significantly higher than in saliva (23.8%) (P < 0.001). The frequencies of HBeAg detection by EIA in saliva samples was significantly higher than that in serum samples in both acute phase (84.3% and 28.1% of patients, respectively) and in early convalescence (56.2% and 3.1% of patients, respectively). The study of frequencies of detection of these antigens in the dynamics of the disease up to the total recovery of patients (observations were carried out for the period of 60 days and longer) showed that in most patients there was a faster disappearance HBsAg from saliva than from serum. By the end of second month this antigen was detected in saliva of only 8.3% of patients whereas in serum in the same period HBsAg was detected in 33.3% of patients. HBeAg became undetectable in blood whereas HBs-antigenemia was still pronounced, and a month after the beginning of the disease it was not found in serum specimens. In saliva, HBeAg was detected in 95.8% of patients observed directly after admission. A month after the beginning of the disease it was detected in saliva of 66.7% of patients and, by the end of observation period, in 12.5% of patients recovered from viral hepatitis. HBV DNA revealed by PCR in saliva and serum of HBV-infected patients was detected in acute period not only in serum (84.6% of cases) but also in saliva (46.2% of cases). The data illustrate the diagnostic value of saliva and point to the possible role of saliva as a source of HBV infection.

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Acute fulminant hepatitis B following a spit in the eye by a hepatitis B e antigen negative carrier

Cited by 12 publications

References 5 publications

Video‐resection does not stop corneal contamination during transurethral resection of the prostate

Video‐resection does not stop corneal contamination during transurethral resection of the prostate

Viral infections in workers in hospital and research laboratory settings: a comparative review of infection modes and respective biosafety aspects

Dynamic study of HBsAg and HBeAg in saliva samples from patients with hepatitis B infection: Diagnostic and epidemiological significance

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