Acute Gastrointestinal Infection, Respiratory Illness, and Noncombat Injury Among US Military Personnel During Operation Bright Star 2005, in Northern Egypt

Riddle, Mark S.; Halvorson, Heather; Shiau, Danny; Althoff, Juliann; Monteville, Marshall R.; Shaheen, Hind I.; Horvath, Edward P.; Armstrong, Adam W.

doi:10.1111/j.1708-8305.2007.00159.x

Cited by 19 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 27 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The available data are limited to observations made in patients with acute heatrelated illness (Sonna et al 2004) and epidemiologic studies of athletes during prolonged training programs and troops returning from high-temperature military theaters (Peters and Bateman 1983;Linde 1987;Fitzgerald 1991;Peters et al 1993;Gleeson et al 1995;Riddle et al 2007;Roop et al 2007). Several survey studies suggest that prolonged intense exercise increases the risk of upper respiratory tract infection (Peters and Bateman 1983;Linde 1987;Fitzgerald 1991;Peters et al 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Response of mice to continuous 5-day passive hyperthermia resembles human heat acclimation

Sareh

Tulapurkar

Shah

et al. 2011

Cell Stress and Chaperones

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Chronic repeated exposure to hyperthermia in humans results in heat acclimation (HA), an adaptive process that is attained in humans by repeated exposure to hyperthermia and is characterized by improved heat elimination and increased exercise capacity, and acquired thermal tolerance (ATT), a cellular response characterized by increased baseline heat shock protein (HSP) expression and blunting of the acute increase in HSP expression stimulated by re-exposure to thermal stress. Epidemiologic studies in military personnel operating in hot environments and elite athletes suggest that repeated exposure to hyperthermia may also exert long-term health effects. Animal models demonstrate that coincident exposure to mild hyperthermia or prior exposure to severe hyperthermia can profoundly affect the course of experimental infection and injury, but these models do not represent HA. In this study, we demonstrate that CD-1 mice continuously exposed to mild hyperthermia (ambient temperature ~37°C causing ~2°C increase in core temperature) for 5 days and then exposed to a thermal stress (42°C ambient temperature for 40 min) exhibited some of the salient features of human HA, including (1) slower warming during thermal stress and more rapid cooling during recovery and (2) increased activity during thermal stress, as well as some of the features of ATT, including (1) increased baseline expression of HSP72 and HSP90 in lung, heart, spleen, liver, and brain; and (2) blunted incremental increase in HSP72 expression following acute thermal stress. This study suggests that continuous 5-day exposure of CD-1 mice to mild hyperthermia induces a state that resembles the physiologic and cellular responses of human HA. This model may be useful for analyzing the molecular mechanisms of HA and its consequences on host responsiveness to subsequent stresses.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Response of mice to continuous 5-day passive hyperthermia resembles human heat acclimation

Sareh

Tulapurkar

Shah

et al. 2011

Cell Stress and Chaperones

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…On the basis of the post-exercise survey, we estimated an overall selfreported diarrheal illness monthly incidence rate of 62 cases/ 00 person-months, which is higher than previous OBS exercises and also higher than other recent incidence rates published in a systematic review of diarrhea incidence among recently deployed US troops in Iraq, Kuwait, and Afghanistan. 4,28,29 Part of this incidence could be caused by shorter rotations and presumed accompanying time for a disease-free period because it is known that diarrheal illness can manifest early after arrival into a disease-endemic region. However, this exercise was unique in that service members resided in urban hotels and had broad food (and environmental) exposures ranging from hotel buffets, occasional field rations (meals ready-to-eat), to eating away from hotel premises.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4,29 The increased rate of seeking care could have been partially caused by increased service member awareness of the benefits of seeking treatment for diarrheal illness in addition to the increased availability and convenience of medical care. This exercise was unique in that clinics were established within each hotel where service members resided.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hotel Clinic-Based Diarrheal and Respiratory Disease Surveillance in U.S. Service Members Participating in Operation Bright Star in Egypt, 2009

Sebeny

Nakhla²,

Moustafa³

et al. 2012

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. We conducted clinic-based, influenza-like illness and diarrheal disease surveillance among U.S. service members participating in Operation Bright Star 2009. Epidemiologic data and samples were collected. Nasopharyngeal swab specimens were tested for viruses, and feces was tested for microbiologic, immunologic, and molecular diagnostics. A survey was used to collect self-reported data. From 1,529 surveys, 41% reported diarrheal disease and 25% reported respiratory illness (incidence rate = 62 of 100 versus 37 of 100 person-months; incidence rate ratio = 1.7, 95% confidence interval = 1.5-1.9). Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli was identified in 74% (69 of 93) of fecal samples. In the influenzalike illness case series, 17% (9 of 52) were positive for influenza A; all were positive for pandemic (pH1N1) 2009 virus. Rates of decreased work performance reported by patients with diarrhea and influenza-like illness were similar (46% versus 48%; P = 0.8). Diarrheal diseases and respiratory illness remain common among deployed military personnel, with important operational impact. Despite an ongoing influenza pandemic, diarrheal disease incidence was higher than that of respiratory illness.

show abstract

“…[37][38][39][40][41] GEIS partners at NAMRU-3 and WRAIR have additionally conducted revealing studies on the burden of diarrheal diseases among US and coalition troops in the Eurasian theater, recommending more aggressive empiric treatment. [11][12][13][14][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51] Last, the DoD-GEIS network has supported the training of thousands of host-country scientists, epidemiologists, physicians, and laboratorians while simultaneously investing in physical laboratory capacity to extend the return on the local training. 52,53 Looking forward, DoD-GEIS expects the five DoD overseas laboratories discussed herein to continue in their current roles, conducting infectious disease surveillance of value to their various stakeholders and serving as health ambassadors around the globe.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, direct-support projects often took the form of providing epidemiologic support to major, multi-country military training exercises in Asia and North Africa. [10][11][12][13][14] The presidential directive adding EID surveillance and response to DoD's responsibilities named the overseas laboratories because of their strategic positioning and considerable expertise. During the 1980s and 1990s, the Military Infectious Diseases Research Program prioritized funding toward the development of specific drugs and vaccines at the overseas laboratories.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Infectious Disease Surveillance at DoD Overseas Laboratories, 1999–2007

Sueker

Chrétien²,

Gaydos³

et al. 2010

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. The United States Department of Defense Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System (DoD-GEIS) conducted a review in 2008 of projects funded by DoD-GEIS at five partner overseas laboratories from 1999 through 2007. During this period, the annual overseas programming budget grew from US$1.038 million to US$21 million. The review describes the distribution of project priorities and geographic locations over the years, the types of outcomes the projects generated, and the frequency with which they involved collaboration with other public health agencies and organizations, including CDC and WHO. Areas for further program strengthening are identified.

show abstract

Acute Gastrointestinal Infection, Respiratory Illness, and Noncombat Injury Among US Military Personnel During Operation Bright Star 2005, in Northern Egypt

Cited by 19 publications

References 27 publications

Response of mice to continuous 5-day passive hyperthermia resembles human heat acclimation

Response of mice to continuous 5-day passive hyperthermia resembles human heat acclimation

Hotel Clinic-Based Diarrheal and Respiratory Disease Surveillance in U.S. Service Members Participating in Operation Bright Star in Egypt, 2009

Global Infectious Disease Surveillance at DoD Overseas Laboratories, 1999–2007

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About