Acute Glomerulonephritis. The Significance of the Variations in the Incidence of the Disease 12

Rammelkamp, Charles H.; Weaver, Robert S.

doi:10.1172/jci102745

Cited by 135 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis occurs primarily in children and young adults, with males affected twice as often as females, and individuals over 40 can also be subjected to the disease (487). Many investigators have noted a relationship between group A streptococcal infection and development of acute glomerulonephritis (159,431,449,543). The epidemiology of acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis is related to its presence in southern and temperate climates, where pyoderma-associated glomerulonephritis demonstrated peak occurrence in the summer, while rheumatic fever peaked in the autumn and winter months of the year (64).…”

Section: Nonsuppurative Sequelae Acute Poststreptococcal Glomerulonepmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenesis of Group A Streptococcal Infections

Cunningham

2000

Clinical Microbiology Reviews

1,607

1,337

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Section: Nonsuppurative Sequelae Acute Poststreptococcal Glomerulonepmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenesis of Group A Streptococcal Infections

Cunningham

2000

Clinical Microbiology Reviews

1,607

1,337

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“…13 Previous studies of the molecular epidemiology of GAS in Aboriginal communities of the NT have shown that there is a wide diversity of emm types present. The GAS carriage is dynamic with high acquisition rates within households.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute Post-Streptococcal Glomerulonephritis in the Northern Territory of Australia: A Review of 16 Years Data and Comparison with the Literature

Marshall¹,

Cheng²,

Markey³

et al. 2011

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Data relating to acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (APSGN) from the notifiable diseases surveillance system in the Northern Territory of Australia was extracted and analyzed. Isolates of Streptococcus pyogenes from confirmed cases were emm sequence typed. From 1991 to July 2008, there were 415 confirmed cases and 23 probable cases of APSGN notified. Four hundred fifteen (94.7%) of these were Indigenous Australians and 428 (97.7%) were people living in remote or very remote locations. The median age of cases was 7 years (range 0–54). The incidence of confirmed cases was 12.5/100,000 person-years, with an incidence in Indigenous Australian children younger than 15 years of age of 94.3 cases/100,000 person-years. The overall rate ratio of confirmed cases in Indigenous Australians to non-Indigenous Australians was 53.6 (95% confidence interval 32.6–94.8). Outbreaks of disease across multiple communities occurred in 1995 (N = 68), 2000 (N = 55), and 2005 (N = 87 [confirmed cases]). Various emm types of S. pyogenes were isolated from cases of APSGN including some types not previously recognized to be nephritogenic. The widespread outbreak in 2005 was caused by emm55.0 S. pyogenes. Acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis continues to occur in remote Indigenous communities in Australia at rates comparable to or higher than those estimated in developing countries. Improvements in preventative and outbreak control strategies are needed.

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“…Streptococcus pyogenes (group A Streptococcus) is an important human pathogen, infections with which can lead to acute disorders such as pharyngitis, erysipelas, otitis media, and impetigo or to pathogenic sequelae including glomerulonephritis, acute rheumatic fever and reactive arthritis (6,7,21,29,42,53). In the last decade there has been a dramatic resurgence in the incidence of serious streptococcal infections; in particular, the number of cases of streptococcal toxic shock syndrome, bacteremia, and necrotising fasciitis has increased (11).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of an Isogenic Mutant of Streptococcus pyogenes Manfredo Lacking the Ability To Make Streptococcal Acid Glycoprotein

et al. 2000

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An isogenic mutant of Streptococcus pyogenes Manfredo that lacks the ability to make streptococcal acid glycoprotein (SAGP) has been constructed by inserting a deletion in the sagp gene using the method of allelic exchange. An assay of cell extracts (CE) prepared from the wild-type and mutant Manfredo strains for the enzyme arginine deiminase (AD) showed that significant activity was present in wild-type CE but none could be detected in mutant CE. These findings confirm our earlier conclusion that SAGP has AD activity (B. Wild-type CE but not mutant CE potently inhibited human peripheral blood mononuclear cell proliferation in response to phytohemagglutinin, and this inhibition was overcome by the addition of L-arginine to proliferation assay mixtures. Invasion assays showed that the isogenic mutant organisms lacking SAGP, and thus AD activity, were between three and five times less able to enter epithelial cells (Hep-2C and A549) than were the wild-type streptococci. Both wild-type and mutant S. pyogenes bacteria were extremely sensitive to low pH. However, L-arginine (1 mM or above) significantly increased the viability of the wild type but not the isogenic mutant organisms under acidic conditions. The difference in acid susceptibility between wild-type and mutant bacteria may explain the reduced capacity of the isogenic mutant bacteria to invade and survive intracellularly.AStreptococcus pyogenes (group A Streptococcus) is an important human pathogen, infections with which can lead to acute disorders such as pharyngitis, erysipelas, otitis media, and impetigo or to pathogenic sequelae including glomerulonephritis, acute rheumatic fever and reactive arthritis (6,7,21,29,42,53). In the last decade there has been a dramatic resurgence in the incidence of serious streptococcal infections; in particular, the number of cases of streptococcal toxic shock syndrome, bacteremia, and necrotising fasciitis has increased (11). A greater understanding of the ways in which this pathogen interacts with the host, the virulence factors that it produces, and the identification of possible targets for vaccine design are required.During a previous study, it was observed that cell extracts (CE) prepared from a wide range of S. pyogenes strains potently inhibited antigen-, superantigen-, or phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) proliferation in vitro (16,17). Purification of the inhibitory component present in CE of S. pyogenes Manfredo by anion-exchange chromatography followed by gel filtration chromatography yielded a single protein. When sequenced, this protein was found to have an NH 2 -terminal sequence identical to streptococcal acid glycoprotein (SAGP), which had been isolated from S. pyogenes Su (23,24,56,57). SAGP has 31 to 39% amino acid identity to arginine deiminase (AD) from Mycoplasma hominis, Mycoplasma arginini, Pseudomonas putida, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (3). It was subsequently shown that CE obtained from several group A streptococcal strains all contained AD activit...

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Acute Glomerulonephritis. The Significance of the Variations in the Incidence of the Disease 12

Cited by 135 publications

References 26 publications

Pathogenesis of Group A Streptococcal Infections

Pathogenesis of Group A Streptococcal Infections

Acute Post-Streptococcal Glomerulonephritis in the Northern Territory of Australia: A Review of 16 Years Data and Comparison with the Literature

Characterization of an Isogenic Mutant of Streptococcus pyogenes Manfredo Lacking the Ability To Make Streptococcal Acid Glycoprotein

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