Acute hepatitis A in haemophiliacs

Gerritzen, A.; Schneweis, K. E.; Brackmann, H.‐H.; Oldenburg, Johannes; Hanfland, P.; Gerlich, W.H.; Caspari, G.

doi:10.1016/0140-6736(92)92937-b

Cited by 134 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Second, there are concerns about the increased risk of transmission of hepatitis A by blood products. Separate outbreaks among haemophiliacs in Italy [15], Germany [16], Ireland [17] and Belgium [18] have been linked to solvent/detergent processed factor VIII concentrates. Contamination of donated blood can occur as there are 2-3 weeks of viraemia before the onset of symptoms [19].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-specific antibody prevalence to hepatitis A in England: implications for disease control

Morgan‐Capner

Wright

Farrington³

et al. 1994

Epidemiol. Infect.

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SUMMARYSera from an age-stratified sample of 7196 individuals, submitted for diagnostic purposes to four public health laboratories in England in 1986/7, were tested for hepatitis A antibody. The serological profiles, which showed marked regional differences, were consistent with declining incidence in the past. The decline in the incidence of hepatitis A has resulted in an increase in susceptibility in adults. This has three main consequences: an increase in the average age of infection may be leading to an increase in morbidity; normal immunoglobulin may become less protective against hepatitis A; the risk of transmission through blood products contaminated by viraemic blood donors may rise.Current average annual incidence in 5-14-year olds was estimated to vary between regions from 0'5-1 9 %. This supports the view that, in the absence of a vaccination programme, hepatitis A will remain endemic unless there are further improvements in living conditions and standards of hygiene. A vaccine giving long-lasting protection could eliminate hepatitis A transmission with modest coverage at a young age. Targeting childhood vaccination on economically deprived areas or using vaccine to control outbreaks might be more effective policies.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-specific antibody prevalence to hepatitis A in England: implications for disease control

Morgan‐Capner

Wright

Farrington³

et al. 1994

Epidemiol. Infect.

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“…HIV RNA and HAV RNA could not be amplified from the 142 plasma pools. Sporadic episodes of HAV transmission by plasma preparations (factor VIII and factor IX) observed since 1988 [18][19][20][21][22] are probably due to local HAV outbreaks. The absence of efficient virus-inactivating and virus-eliminating methods and a high viral load in the plasma pool were causal factors [23].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viral Contamination of Plasma Preparations: Determination of the Prevalence of Transfusion-Transmissible Viruses (HAV, HBV, HCV, GB Virus C and HIV) in Plasma Pools and Products

Rabenau¹,

Weber²,

Kawara³

2000

Transfus Med Hemother

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In spite of donor selection, screening of donated blood for anti-HIV-1, anti-HIV-2, anti-HCV and HBsAg, inactivation and elimination processes, there is still a residual risk of haematogenically transmissible viruses in plasma pools and products. As an additional measure to reduce risk of viral contamination, screening of individual donated units and minipools on HCV RNA has become mandatory in Germany. In the present study, 142 HBsAg-, anti-HCV- and anti-HIV-1/-2-negative plasma pools and derived products (immunoglobulin preparation and factor IX preparation) were tested by PCR for the presence of HAV, HBV, HCV, GB virus C (GBVC) and HIV-1 nucleic acids. All pools and plasma preparations were derived from blood donated between 1994 and 1996, before mandatory testing for HCV RNA was introduced. Twelve (8.5%) plasma pools tested positive for HCV RNA. A low copy number of HBV DNA was present in 9 (6.3%) plasma pools. HIV-1 RNA was not amplified from any plasma pool, whereas the prevalence of the GBVC RNA in pools was very high (82.4%). However, GBVC RNA could be detected in only 1 (6.3%) of 16 immunoglobulin (IgG) batches prepared from cryosupernatants yielding GBVC. HBV DNA and HCV RNA could not be amplified from 3 IgG batches originating from HBV or HCV nucleic acid-positive supernatants. Neither HBV nor HCV contamination was present in any of the 31 unselected immunoglobulin preparations. GBVC RNA could be detected in only 2 (6.5%) of the samples tested. Our results demonstrate the importance of HCV PCR testing of plasma pools since HCV RNA was detected in a relatively large proportion of the pools screened negative by conventional methods. The results underline the importance of the virus elimination methods integrated in the production process since no HBV or HCV nucleic acid could be detected in any batch of end product. Consequently, routine PCR testing of end products whose production involve virus elimination and virus inactivation methods is not to be recommended.

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“…Transmission of HAV to blood product recipients prior to 1988 had only ever occurred rarely. However, in the following six-year period a number of cases were reported from Italy (Mannucci, 1992), Germany (Gerritzen et al, 1992), Ireland (Temperley et al, 1992), Belgium (Peerlinck and Vermylen, 1993) and the United States (McCarthy, 1996). All these cases were associated with the use of d solvent/detergent treated Factor VIII product purified by ion exchange chromatography.…”

Section: Transmission Of Viruses By Plasma Products Coagulation Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use of Chromatography to Manufacture Purer and Safer Plasma Products

Johnston

Adcock

2000

Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Reviews

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Acute hepatitis A in haemophiliacs

Cited by 134 publications

References 3 publications

Age-specific antibody prevalence to hepatitis A in England: implications for disease control

Age-specific antibody prevalence to hepatitis A in England: implications for disease control

Viral Contamination of Plasma Preparations: Determination of the Prevalence of Transfusion-Transmissible Viruses (HAV, HBV, HCV, GB Virus C and HIV) in Plasma Pools and Products

The Use of Chromatography to Manufacture Purer and Safer Plasma Products

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