Acute Hepatitis E Virus Infection in an HIV-Infected Person in the United States

Curry, Jennifer A.; Adams, Nehkonti; Crum-Cianflone, Nancy F.

doi:10.7326/0003-4819-150-3-200902030-00028

Cited by 32 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Nonetheless, parenteral transmission of HEV has rarely been reported in children, as it seems that this kind of transmission requires more than the regular amounts of blood used in transfusions for children [34]. Nevertheless, other ways of transmission such as person-to-person [31,32,33]and mother-to-child, though seemingly improper, have been suggested by some researchers, too [6,35,36]. Therefore, although the fecal-oral route seems to be the most frequent path of transmission, one cannot ignore the probability of other routes.…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis E Virus Infection: A General Review with a Focus on Hemodialysis and Kidney Transplant Patients

Hosseini-Moghaddam¹,

Abbaszadeh²,

Alavian³

et al. 2010

Am J Nephrol

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Background: Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is a self-limited viral disease that causes acute hepatitis epidemics in developing countries. The common route of transmission for HEV is supposedly fecal-oral. Serological evidence may be unexpectedly found in hemodialysis (HD) patients and kidney transplant recipients. Although the route of HEV transmission is not usually determined in HD subjects, this virus seems to be transmitted either directly through HD or nosocomially. In this study, we gathered the published information on HEV infection in HD patients and kidney transplant recipients. Methods: For this review, we collected the relevant articles by searching through Medline and Google Scholar from January 1980 up to September 2009. Results: Some variables including older age, low education, living in rural versus urban areas and the duration of HD seem to be risk factors for HEV infection in HD patients. Compared with non-HD subjects, HEV infection may be specifically associated with poor outcome in HD patients. Specific considerations seem to be required to prevent transmission of HEV to HD patients. Conclusion: More extensive investigations are required to determine the disease burden of HEV infection in HD subjects in countries which experience outbreaks of HEV infection.

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Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis E Virus Infection: A General Review with a Focus on Hemodialysis and Kidney Transplant Patients

Hosseini-Moghaddam¹,

Abbaszadeh²,

Alavian³

et al. 2010

Am J Nephrol

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“…More recent studies focusing on detection of anti-HEV IgM, IgG, or RNA have identified both acute (266,(303)(304)(305)(306)(307)(308)(309)(310)(311)(312)(313) and chronic (266,(268)(269)(270)(271)(272)(273)(274) HEV infections in HIV-positive patients, though it remains unclear whether or not seroprevalence is any greater in people with HIV (272,273,300,309,310,(314)(315)(316)(317)(318). Chronic HEV infections in HIV-positive individuals have been associated with quick progression to cirrhosis (269)(270)(271), though it is not clear whether HEV-linked cryptogenic cirrhosis is more common in HIV-infected individuals than in the general population (310,311,315,319).…”

Section: Immunosuppression and Impaired Viral Clearancementioning

confidence: 99%

Host Immune Status and Response to Hepatitis E Virus Infection

2014

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SUMMARY Hepatitis E virus (HEV), identified over 30 years ago, remains a serious threat to life, health, and productivity in developing countries where access to clean water is limited. Recognition that HEV also circulates as a zoonotic and food-borne pathogen in developed countries is more recent. Even without treatment, most cases of HEV-related acute viral hepatitis (with or without jaundice) resolve within 1 to 2 months. However, HEV sometimes leads to acute liver failure, chronic infection, or extrahepatic symptoms. The mechanisms of pathogenesis appear to be substantially immune mediated. This review covers the epidemiology of HEV infection worldwide, the humoral and cellular immune responses to HEV, and the persistence and protection of antibodies produced in response to both natural infection and vaccines. We focus on the contributions of altered immune states (associated with pregnancy, human immunodeficiency virus [HIV], and immunosuppressive agents used in cancer and transplant medicine) to the elevated risks of chronic infection (in immunosuppressed/immunocompromised patients) and acute liver failure and mortality (among pregnant women). We conclude by discussing outstanding questions about the immune response to HEV and interactions with hormones and comorbid conditions. These questions take on heightened importance now that a vaccine is available.

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“…However, HEV co-infection in patients with HIV is not common and, to date, less than 20 cases have been documented in the literature, and only a handful have had chronic infection, the majority of these cases become cleared of HEV spontaneously. 4,[62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72] In contrast to recipients of a SOT, the key risk factor that determines the development of chronic infection in HIV patients is a low CD4 count. In the five chronic cases described so far, all had CD4 counts <250 mm 3 .…”

Section: Hev Infection In Hiv Patientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic Hepatitis E Virus Infection and Treatment

Kamar

Izopet

Dalton

2013

Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hepatology

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Acute Hepatitis E Virus Infection in an HIV-Infected Person in the United States

Abstract: Background Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an enterically transmitted cause of viral hepatitis rarely noted without international travel. Objective To report the first case of an HIV-infected man with acute hepatitis due to HEV infection who had not traveled outside the United States.

Cited by 32 publications

References 5 publications

Hepatitis E Virus Infection: A General Review with a Focus on Hemodialysis and Kidney Transplant Patients

Hepatitis E Virus Infection: A General Review with a Focus on Hemodialysis and Kidney Transplant Patients

Host Immune Status and Response to Hepatitis E Virus Infection

Chronic Hepatitis E Virus Infection and Treatment

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