Acute hepatotoxicity of Crotalus durissus terrificus (South American rattlesnake) venom in rats

França, Rafael Freitas de Oliveira; Ferrari, Érika; Souza, R. A.; Osorio, Rodríguez; Prianti-Jr, A. C. G.; Hyslop, Stephen; Zamunér, Stella Regina; Cogo, JC; Ribeiro, Wellington

doi:10.1590/s1678-91992009000100007

Cited by 14 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…These alterations were recently confirmed by other authors [55][56] . These are unspecific lesions that may occur in the acute envenoming syndrome [19][20]32 previously described and in situations of shock.…”

Section: Anatomopathological Examinationsupporting

confidence: 84%

Africanized honeybee stings: how to treat them

Almeida

Olivo

Mendes

et al. 2011

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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Introduction:In 1956, Africanized honeybees (AHB) migrated from Brazil to other regions of the Western Hemisphere, including South, Central, and North America, except for Canada. Despite being productive, they are highly aggressive and cause fatal accidents. This study aimed to evaluate patients at the Clinical Hospital of Botucatu Medical School (HC-FMB) and to propose treatment guidelines. Methods: From 2005 to 2006, the clinical and laboratorial aspects of 11 patients (7 male and 4 female) and the anatomopathological aspects of one patient who had died in 2003 were analyzed. Results: The age of the surviving patients varied from 5 to 87 years, with a mean of 42.5 years. The majority of accidents occurred in the afternoon, and the number of stings ranged from 20 to 500. The principal signs and symptoms were pain and local inflammatory signs, nausea, tachycardia, and vomiting. Biochemical findings presented increased levels of creatine phosphokinase, lactate dehydrogenase, and aspartate/alanine aminotransferase. An 11-year-old male patient died upon entering the attic of a two-storey building where he was attacked by a swarm, receiving more than 1,000 stings. He was sent to HC-FMB where he was treated, but he died 24h later. Observed at the autopsy were erythematous-purpuric skin lesions besides necrosis at the sting locations, rhabdomyolysis, focal myocardial necrosis, tubular hydropic degeneration and focal tubular acute necrosis of the kidneys, myoglobinuria, and centrolobular necrosis in the liver. Conclusions: Accidents caused by multiple AHB stings always constitute a medical emergency. As there is no specific antivenom, we have developed guidelines, including first aid, drugs, and the proper removal of stingers.

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Section: Anatomopathological Examinationsupporting

confidence: 84%

Africanized honeybee stings: how to treat them

Almeida

Olivo

Mendes

et al. 2011

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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“…These reaction products may display direct biological activities or may be transformed into other active compounds with hemostatic, cardiotoxic, convulsant, hemolytic, hypotensive, hepatotoxic, myotoxic and neurotoxic activities (1)(2)(3)(4).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-level laser therapy decreases local effects induced by myotoxins isolated from Bothrops jararacussu snake venom

Barbosa¹,

Villaverde²,

Guimarães-Sousa³

et al. 2010

J. Venom. Anim. Toxins incl. Trop. Dis

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Abstract:The prominent myotoxic effects induced by Bothrops jararacussu crude venom are due, in part, to its polycationic myotoxins, BthTX-I and BthTX-II. Both myotoxins have a phospholipase A2 structure: BthTX-II is an active enzyme Asp-49 PLA2, while BthTX-I is a Lys-49 PLA2 devoid of enzymatic activity. In this study, the effect of low-level laser therapy (LLLT), 685 nm laser at a dose of 4.2 J/cm2 on edema formation, leukocyte influx and myonecrosis caused by BthTX-I and BthTX-II, isolated from Bothrops jararacussu snake venom, was analyzed. BthTX-I and BthTX-II caused a significant edema formation, a prominent leukocyte infiltrate composed predominantly by neutrophils and myonecrosis in envenomed gastrocnemius muscle. LLLT significantly reduced the edema formation, neutrophil accumulation and myonecrosis induced by both myotoxins 24 hours after the injection. LLLT reduced the myonecrosis caused by BthTX-I and BthTX-II, respectively, by 60 and 43%; the edema formation, by 41 and 60.7%; and the leukocyte influx, by 57.5 and 51.6%. In conclusion, LLLT significantly reduced the effect of these snake toxins on the inflammatory response and myonecrosis. These results suggest that LLLT should be considered a potential therapeutic approach for treatment of local effects of Bothrops species venom.

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“…He developed VICC after V. stejnegeri envenoming. The liver, directly involved in the acute phase reaction, is the main organ that neutralizes animal toxins [ 11 – 14 ]. It is the predominant site for producing the coagulation factors including fibrinogen (factor I), prothrombin (factor II), upstream factors V, VII, IX, X and XI and anticoagulant proteins.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Envenoming by Viridovipera stejnegeri snake: a patient with liver cirrhosis presenting disruption of hemostatic balance

Chien

Liao

et al. 2017

J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis

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BackgroundIn most cases of envenoming by the green habu Viridovipera stejnegeri in Taiwan coagulopathy is not observed.Case presentationHerein, we describe the case of a patient with liver cirrhosis who developed venom-induced consumptive coagulopathy after V. stejnegeri bite. Laboratory investigation revealed the following: prothrombin time > 100 s (international normalized ratio > 10), activated partial thromboplastin time > 100 s, fibrinogen < 50 mg/dL, and fibrin degradation product > 80 μg/mL. The patient recovered after administration of bivalent hemorrhagic antivenom, vitamin K, fresh frozen plasma and cryoprecipitate.ConclusionThe liver, directly involved in the acute phase reaction, is the main responsible for neutralization of animal toxins. Any patient with history of liver cirrhosis bitten by a venomous snake, even those whose venoms present low risk of coagulopathy, should be very carefully monitored for venom-induced consumptive coagulopathy (VICC), since the hemostatic balance may be disrupted.

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Acute hepatotoxicity of Crotalus durissus terrificus (South American rattlesnake) venom in rats

Cited by 14 publications

References 49 publications

Africanized honeybee stings: how to treat them

Africanized honeybee stings: how to treat them

Low-level laser therapy decreases local effects induced by myotoxins isolated from Bothrops jararacussu snake venom

Envenoming by Viridovipera stejnegeri snake: a patient with liver cirrhosis presenting disruption of hemostatic balance

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