Acute Ingestion of Long-Chain (n-3) Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Decreases Fibrinolysis in Men with Metabolic Syndrome

Abstract

Individuals with metabolic syndrome (MetS) often have elevated plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA), contributing to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. PAI-1 and t-PA may be affected by chronic (n-3) long-chain PUFA [(n-3)LCPUFA] supplementation; however, the acute impact of fat ingestion on these risk factors has not been established. Our objective was to investigate the acute effect of (n-3)LCPUFA on plasma PAI-1, t-PA, and platelet aggregation. We conducted a randomized crossover study in which men (n = 8, > or =45 y) with MetS consumed water or a high-saturated fat beverage (1 g fat/kg body weight) with either a high or low content of (n-3)LCPUFA. Blood samples were collected over 8 h to measure triacylglycerol (TAG), PAI-1, t-PA, and platelet aggregation. Both fat loads resulted in a significant increase in whole blood TAG concentration, plasma PAI-1 and t-PA concentrations, and PAI-1 activity, as well as a significant decrease in t-PA activity during the postprandial period. Interestingly, PAI-1 concentration and activity increased more following the high (n-3)LCPUFA compared with the low (n-3)LCPUFA beverage (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the high (n-3)LCPUFA beverage resulted in a lower t-PA activity (P < 0.05), whereas the effects of the 2 fat loads on the plasma t-PA concentration and platelet aggregation did not differ. Overall, acute intake of a high (n-3)LCPUFA beverage shifted the balance between plasma PAI-1 and t-PA, which might indicate a lower capacity for fibrinolysis.

Insights into the function of n-3 PUFAs in fat-1 transgenic cattle

“…It has been reported that thromboxane A2 could promote platelet aggregation and vasoconstriction, inducing thrombus formation, but n-3 PUFAs could promote production of prostaglandin, which then decreases the synthesis of thromboxane A2, leading to an anti-thrombosis effect (39). Another study showed that high levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) can increase the risk of platelet aggregation, but n-3 PUFAs can reduce the levels of PAI-1 and t-PA (40). In the present study, GO and KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the biological processes associated with thrombus formation, such as fibrinolysis and blood coagulation, were significantly enriched in the fat-1 transgenic and WT cattle.…”

Effects of n‐3 PUFA on insulin resistance after an oral fat load

“…On the other side, the positive effects of n-3 PUFA were questioned by Montegaard et al [48]; they observed that in individuals with MS, an acute intake of a high n-3 PUFA beverage shifted the balance between plasma PAI-1 and t-PA, which might indicate a lower capacity for fibrinolysis. This potentially negative effect of n-3 PUFA in the post-prandial state is contradictory to the marked reduction in cardiovascoular disease mortality and morbidity observed in prospective studies following chronic consumption of high amounts of fish oil [7,49,50].…”

Effects of omega-3 fatty acids on endothelial function, arterial wall properties, inflammatory and fibrinolytic status in smokers: A cross over study

“…Intake of omega-3 PUFAs has been associated with increased plasma PAI-1 activity in healthy individuals, in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus patients or patients undergoing coronary bypass surgery [36][37][38]. Interestingly, in a recent study, PAI-1 concentration and activity increased more following high omega-3 PUFAs beverage compared with low omega-3 PUFAs beverage [39].…”