Acute, intermediate intensity exercise, and speed and accuracy in working memory tasks: A meta-analytical comparison of effects

McMorris, Terry; Sproule, John; Turner, Anthony P.; Hale, Beverley J.

doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2010.12.007

Cited by 298 publications

(277 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Prior adult studies examining the effect of exercise induced fatigue on cognitive variables have evidenced an inverted U effect of increasing exercise intensity on coincidence anticipation (Lyons, Al-Nakeeb & Nevill, 2008) and reaction times (Chmura, Nazar & Kaciuba-Uscilko, 1994). Indeed, recent metaanalysis has concluded that acute moderate intensity exercise has a positive effect on working memory tasks (McMorris, Sproule, Turner, & Hale, 2011) supporting the inverted U relationship. However, maximal levels of exercise intensity are not uniformly associated with declines in cognition (see Tomporowski, 2003, for review) nor can heart rate elevations uniquely explain post-exercise enhancement in concentration and attention (Budde, VoelckerRehage, Pietraβyk-Kendziorra, Ribeiro & Tidow, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

The effect of differing intensities of acute cycling on preadolescent academic achievement

Duncan

Johnson

2013

European Journal of Sport Science

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The present study examined the effects of differing intensity levels of acute exercise on preadolescent academic ability. In a repeated measures design, 18 preadolescent participants (mean age ± S.D. = 9.8 ± 1.4years: 9 male and 9 female) completed the Wide Range Achievement Test (WRAT 4) following 20 -minutes of rest, 20-minutes on a cycling ergometer at 50% maximal heart rate reserve (HRR), and 20-minutes on a cycling ergometer at 75% HRR on separate days. Exercise was found to improve spelling irrespective of intensity level. Moderate levels of exercise improved reading although the effect of high levels of intensity is less clear. Both intensity levels impaired arithmetic, whilst sentence comprehension was unaffected. These findings further support the past research that indicates acute bouts of exercise can selectively improve cognition in pre-adolescent children.However, the present study finds no support for the notion that increasing the intensity of exercise accentuates benefits.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

The effect of differing intensities of acute cycling on preadolescent academic achievement

Duncan

Johnson

2013

European Journal of Sport Science

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“…For instance, Tomporowski [81] reviewed the effects of acute bouts of exercise on adults cognitive performance and concluded that submaximal aerobic exercise performed for periods up to 60 minutes facilitated certain aspects of cognitive performance, whilst extended exercise leads to performance decrements. More recently, using metaanalytical approaches McMoris and colleagues [82] investigated the effects of acute and intermediate intensity exercise on the speed and accuracy of performance of working memory tasks. Exercise was found to demonstrate a small yet significant effect on cognition [83], in particular during moderate intensity exercise.…”

Section: Decision-making In Sport and Exercisementioning

confidence: 99%

Pacing and Decision Making in Sport and Exercise: The Roles of Perception and Action in the Regulation of Exercise Intensity

2014

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In pursuit of optimal performance, athletes and physical exercisers alike have to make decisions about how and when to invest their energy. The process of pacing has been associated with the goal-directed regulation of exercise intensity across an exercise bout. The current review explores divergent views on understanding underlying mechanisms of decision-making in pacing. Current pacing literature provides a wide range of aspects that might be involved in the determination of an athlete's pacing-strategy, but lack in explaining how perception and action are coupled in establishing behaviour. In contrast, decision-making literature rooted in the understanding that perception and action are coupled provides refreshing perspectives on explaining the mechanisms that underlie natural interactive behaviour. Contrary to the assumption of behaviour that is managed by a higher order governor that passively constructs internal representations of the world, an ecological approach is considered. According to this approach, knowledge is rooted in the direct experience of meaningful environmental objects and events in individual-environment processes. To assist a neuropsychological explanation of decision-making in exercise-regulation, the relevance of the affordance competition hypothesis is explored. By considering pacing as a behavioural expression of continuous decision-making, new insights on underlying mechanisms in pacing and optimal performance can be developed.3

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“…Likewise, many neuropeptides located in hypothalamic nuclei transmit related anorexigenic or orexigenic signals [104,146] . Furthermore, many kinds of neurotransmitters such as serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine participate in regulation of mood, emotions, and appetite [149] . Particularly, specific serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotoninnorepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) have been introduced and used as medical treatments to reduce food intake of overweight patients [150][151][152][153] .…”

Section: Dm and Central Nervous Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of exercise on brain functions in diabetic animal models

Yi¹

2015

WJD

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Human life span has dramatically increased over several decades, and the quality of life has been considered to be equally important. However, diabetes mellitus (DM) characterized by problems related to insulin secretion and recognition has become a serious health problem in recent years that threatens human health by causing decline in brain functions and finally leading to neurodegenerative diseases. Exercise is recognized as an effective therapy for DM without medication administration. Exercise studies using experimental animals are a suitable option to overcome this drawback, and animal studies have improved continuously according to the needs of the experimenters. Since brain health is the most significant factor in human life, it is very important to assess brain functions according to the different exercise conditions using experimental animal models. Generally, there are two types of DM; insulin-dependent type 1 DM and an insulin-independent type 2 DM (T2DM); however, the author will mostly discuss brain functions in T2DM animal models in this review. Additionally, many physiopathologic alterations are caused in the brain by DM such as increased adiposity, inflammation, hormonal dysregulation, uncontrolled hyperphagia, insulin and leptin resistance, and dysregulation of neurotransmitters and declined neurogenesis in the hippocampus and we describe how exercise corrects these alterations in animal models. The results of changes in the brain environment differ according to voluntary, involuntary running exercises and resistance exercise, and gender in the animal studies. These factors have been mentioned in this review, and this review will be a good reference for studying how exercise can be used with therapy for treating DM.

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Acute, intermediate intensity exercise, and speed and accuracy in working memory tasks: A meta-analytical comparison of effects

Cited by 298 publications

References 54 publications

The effect of differing intensities of acute cycling on preadolescent academic achievement

The effect of differing intensities of acute cycling on preadolescent academic achievement

Pacing and Decision Making in Sport and Exercise: The Roles of Perception and Action in the Regulation of Exercise Intensity

Effects of exercise on brain functions in diabetic animal models

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