Acute lethal and sublethal effects of neem leaf extract on the neotropical freshwater fish Prochilodus lineatus

Winkaler, Elissandra Ulbricht; Santos, Thiago R.M.; Machado-Neto, J. G.; Martinez, Cláudia Bueno dos Reis

doi:10.1016/j.cbpc.2006.12.009

Cited by 92 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Tiwari and Singh (2003) observed the toxicity of Nerium indicum leaf extract to the fish Channa punctatus and indicate that the toxicity depends on the solvent used for extraction; the LC 50 value of diethylether, acetone, chloroform and methanol extract of N. indicum leaf extract were found to be 17.34mg/L, 40.01mg/L, 40.61 mg/L and 106.37mg/L, respectively. The 24-h LC 50 value of neem leaf extract for Prochilodus lineatus was found to be 4.8gL −1 (Winkaler et al, 2007). Adewoye et al, (2005) noted that at 96-h LC 50 concentration, the fitness of the natural population of an aquatic environment would be relatively impaired and as the concentration increases, the mortality rate also increases.…”

Section: Physicochemical Characteristics Of Syntheticmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute toxicity of synyhetic resin effluent to African Catfish, Clarias gariepinus [BURCHELL, 1822]

Dahunsi¹,

Oranusi²

2012

AJFN

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Aquatic pollution as a field has gained a lot of attention over the decades majorly because of the vital role the aquatic environment plays in the human lifecycle. Indusrial wastewaters are often generated and discharged into the environment without treatment. Toxicity of effluents from Synythetic Resin production plant were evaluated in this study. Acute toxicity (96-h LC 50 ) was evaluated using 0.23, 0.31, 0.35 and 0.39 mg/L of the effluent in a renewal bioassay procedure. Physicochemical parameters of the effluent were also evaluated, the values obtained for lead, cyanide, total suspened solid, total hadness, total dissolved solids and alkalinity were higher than the Federal Environmental Protection Agency standard specification for effluent discharge into aquatic environment and as such contributed to the effluent's toxicity. Mortality increased as the concentrations of the effluent increases and 0.355mg/L was obtained as LC 50 . The research eventually revealed that the synthetic resin effluent has a high level of toxicity to catfish. Deleterious effects such as biomagnification and other abberations may occur in man if exposed to substantial concentration of the effluent.

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Section: Physicochemical Characteristics Of Syntheticmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute toxicity of synyhetic resin effluent to African Catfish, Clarias gariepinus [BURCHELL, 1822]

Dahunsi¹,

Oranusi²

2012

AJFN

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“…But concurrently, deleterious effects focusing on the oil's (over) dosage have been reported [6][7][8][9] . These effects seem to vary across test subjects, organs, tissues, cells and conditions studied.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The oil has been considered non-toxic and safe to mammalian species till a dosage of 5000 mg/kg of body weight. But the probability of risk due to its usage in concentrated form is of considerable concern as reported from several studies [6][7][8][9] . Hence, its crude and concentrated forms may pose limitations with respect to handling, usage and dose dumping, raising toxicity issues.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Azadirachta indica A. Juss Based Emollient Cream for Potential Dermatological Applications

Banerjee¹,

Thiagarajan²

2016

pharmaceutical-sciences

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Banerjee, et al.: Novel Neem Oil Emollient CreamAzadirachta indica A. Juss (Neem) is widely regarded to be an important medicinal tree whose parts and extracts are known to cure several ailments since the Vedic era. But knowledge regarding their concoctions and dosages has remained largely esoteric. Dilute neem oil emulsions are used to deliver active ingredients to body parts by the topical route of administration. This possibly attenuates its dose dumping and concentration related noxious effects to a large extent. However, almost all such products incorporate synthetic organic and bio hazardous chemicals for purposes of formulation and stability, posing ultimate risks to the user. Hence in the present study, an emollient cream using 10% neem oil and an arachidyl glucoside emulsifier of completely biological origin has been formulated. Octa and hexadecanoic acid derivatives were the major fatty acid components identified in the oil. The creamy white product showed a mean particle size of 137 nm and a Z average of 19 nm, with a polydispersity index of 0.245. Zeta potential and electrophoretic mobility were measured as -47.2 and -0.000328 cm 2 /Vs, respectively thus conferring good stability. FTIR analysis revealed the incidence of extensive hydrogen bonding in its structure and SEM image captured its undulating surface topography. The emollient cream was not susceptible to cracking, creaming or phase separation even after a period of 180 days, when stored at 37° or under low speed centrifugation. Similar results were observed when it was stored at 40°, 4° and -18° for three days and brought to 37° for three cycles. It is concluded that this novel potentially non-toxic neem oil emollient cream can either be used per se or as a base matrix for loading active ingredients and hence function as an efficient delivery system for the same.Key words: Azadirachta indica, neem oil, arachidyl glucoside, emollient cream, delivery system Azadirachta indica A. Juss, commonly known as neem or Indian lilac, belongs to Meliaceae family. Most parts of this plant, including its seed oil, have been traditionally valuable for their potent antimicrobial, antiinflammatory, antipyretic, analgesic, immunostimulatory, antiulcerous and antioxidant effects [1,2] . Its vital constituents are the triterpenoid azadirachtin complex, protomeliacins, limonoids, gedunin and its derivatives, vilasinin and c-secomeliacins like nimbin, salanin and dihydrochalcone, flavonoids, coumarin and tannins [3,4] . Along with a dozen minor azadirachtin analogs, they contribute to the overall efficacy of the oil when incorporated in cosmetic, cosmeceutical and pharmaceutical formulations [5] . The oil has been considered non-toxic and safe to mammalian species till a dosage of 5000 mg/kg of body weight. But the probability of risk due to its usage in concentrated form is of considerable concern as reported from several studies [6][7][8][9] . Hence, its crude and concentrated forms may pose limitations with respect to handling, usage and dose dumping, raising to...

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“…al., 1996;Mahboob et al, 1998). The adverse effects of neem based biopesticides on the non-target organisms due to indiscriminate usage were also reported (Schmutterer and Holst 1987;Beckage et al 1988;Price and Schuster 1991;Schöder, 1992;Okpanachi, 1992, 1997;Winkaler et al, 2007;Saravanan et al, 2010Saravanan et al, , 2011Maitra et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Azadirahctin (a tetranotriterpenoid) is the principal active compound (Kraus et al, 1981;Broughton et al, 1986;Saxena, 1990) extracted from the neem, which have the pesticide property (Anjaneyulu and Misha, 1998). Field experiments have successfully demonstrated the potential of neem extract as a pest-control agent (Martinez, 2002;Kreutzweiser et al, 2004) and it is used in agricultural as well as aquaculture systems to control various predators, parasites and pathogenic bacteria (Dunkel and Ricilards, 1998;Das et al, 2002;Farah et al, 2006;Winkaler et al, 2007). Besides the pest control properties, the acute toxicity values of several neem preparations and pure azadirachtin for the laboratory animals and some non target species have been studied extensively (Gandhi et al, 1988;Osuala and Okwuosa, 1993;Wan et.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute Toxicity of a Neem Seed Kernel based Biopesticide, Nimbecidine Plus on an Edible Fresh Water Crab, Varuna litterata (Fabricius, 1798)

Deyashi¹,

Misra²,

Bhattacharya³

et al. 2016

Int. J. Adv. Res. Biol. Sci.

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Present study assesses toxic effects of a neem seed kernel based biopesticide, Nimbecidine Plus (a.i.-azadirachtin 1%) on the survival of the freshwater edible crab, Varuna litterata under laboratory conditions. The four-day acute static renewal bioassay test was performed to determine the LC50 values at different exposure period and the safe concentration using the probit analysis. Adult male crabs (mean length-2.867 ± 0.4 cm; mean weight-9.895 ± 4.179 g) were exposed to different concentrations (0, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22 ppm) of Nimbecidine Plus. The LC50 values at various exposure periods were 14.940 ppm for 24hr; 10.602 ppm for 48hr; 7.673 ppm for 72hr and 6.284 ppm for 96hr. The upper confidence limits were 16.388, 12.033, 9.017 and 7.457 ppm for 24, 48, 72 and 96 hr and lower confidence limits were 13.437, 9.105, 6.188 and 4.924 ppm, respectively. Safe concentrations were found to range from 0.628 ppm to 2.514 ppm. Behavioural changes like erratic body movement, irregular locomotion and shivering of body were noticed in the treated crabs. Attention is warranted regarding use of the biopesticides in agricultural field to avoid drastic effects on non-target species, which are also used as food.

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Acute lethal and sublethal effects of neem leaf extract on the neotropical freshwater fish Prochilodus lineatus

Cited by 92 publications

References 35 publications

Acute toxicity of synyhetic resin effluent to African Catfish, Clarias gariepinus [BURCHELL, 1822]

Acute toxicity of synyhetic resin effluent to African Catfish, Clarias gariepinus [BURCHELL, 1822]

Azadirachta indica A. Juss Based Emollient Cream for Potential Dermatological Applications

Acute Toxicity of a Neem Seed Kernel based Biopesticide, Nimbecidine Plus on an Edible Fresh Water Crab, Varuna litterata (Fabricius, 1798)

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