Acute liver failure in dogs and cats

Weingarten, Molly A.; Sande, Allison

doi:10.1111/vec.12304

Cited by 31 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 182 publications

(304 reference statements)

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“…Coagulation testing is an important component of diagnostic evaluation in dogs and cats. Coagulation studies are recommended for small animal patients with evidence of abnormal bleeding, trauma, or liver disease; to monitor for disseminated intravascular coagulation; and for presurgical screening in selected cases, with recent reviews providing recommendations for comprehensive diagnostic evaluation when coagulopathy is suspected . A large retrospective study of dogs and cats undergoing ultrasound‐guided biopsies found that prolongation of activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) was a risk factor for bleeding complications in cats, and prolongation of prothrombin time (PT) was a risk factor in dogs, though the numbers of animals experiencing complications even among those with prolonged times was relatively small .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance characteristics of the turbidimetric ACL‐TOP CTS 300 coagulation analyzer in dogs and cats

Sharkey

Little

Williams

et al. 2018

J Vet Emergen Crit Care

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The turbidimetric system had a slight high proportional positive bias compared with mechanical clot detection. Thus, new reference intervals were generated including for novel parameters generated by clot curve analysis. Some preanalytical errors can be identified by inspection of clot curves. This robust novel technology compares favorably with mechanical endpoint detection methods and can be used in dogs and cats.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance characteristics of the turbidimetric ACL‐TOP CTS 300 coagulation analyzer in dogs and cats

Sharkey

Little

Williams

et al. 2018

J Vet Emergen Crit Care

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“…In the majority of dogs with CH, the etiology remains undetermined and is considered to be of idiopathic origin . AH can be induced by a variety of stimuli, including toxins, adverse drug reactions, infectious disease ( i.e, canine adenovirus‐1 infection, leptospirosis), or is considered idiopathic . In the last few decades, copper toxicosis is recognized with increased frequency as an etiologic factor in the development of both AH and CH in several dog breeds, including the Labrador retriever …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4 AH can be induced by a variety of stimuli, including toxins, adverse drug reactions, infectious disease (i.e, canine adenovirus-1 infection, leptospirosis), or is considered idiopathic. 1,2,[5][6][7] In the last few decades, copper toxicosis is recognized with increased frequency as an etiologic factor in the development of both AH and CH in several dog breeds, [8][9][10][11][12] including the Labrador retriever. [13][14][15][16] Clinical signs of liver disease are usually not very specific, except in end-stage liver disease, where icteric mucous membranes and presence of ascites might indicate advanced liver disease.…”

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confidence: 99%

Sensitivity and Specificity of PlasmaALT,ALP, and Bile Acids for Hepatitis in Labrador Retrievers

Dirksen

Burgener

Rothuizen

et al. 2017

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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BackgroundBiochemical indicators for diagnosing liver disease are plasma alanine aminotransferase activity (ALT), alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP), and bile acid concentration (BA).ObjectivesTo determine the sensitivity and specificity of ALT, ALP, and BA for detecting primary hepatitis (PH) in clinically healthy Labrador retrievers and investigate whether ALT and ALP can discriminate between dogs with PH and nonspecific reactive hepatitis (RH).Animals191 clinically healthy and 51 clinically ill Labrador retrievers with hepatic histopathology.MethodsRetrospective study. Medical records were reviewed for ALT, ALP, preprandial BA, liver histopathology, and hepatic copper concentrations.ResultsIn 64% (122/191) of the clinically healthy Labrador retrievers, hepatic histology revealed inflammatory infiltrates. This frequency might be biased because part of them was included as first‐line relatives of dogs with copper‐associated hepatitis. Sensitivity of ALT, ALP, and BA in this population for detecting acute hepatitis was 45, 15, and 15%, respectively. For chronic hepatitis, sensitivity was 71, 35, and 13%, respectively. Specificity of ALT, ALP, and BA was >90% for AH, CH, and RH. When increased liver enzymes were present, median ALT was significantly higher in PH cases (312 U/L, range 38–1,369) compared to RH cases (91 U/L, range 39–139) (P < .001). There was no difference in ALP between dogs with a PH and a RH (P = .361).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceHistopathologic abnormalities in the liver were present in the majority of apparent clinically healthy Labrador retrievers. The sensitivity of ALT, ALP, and BA for detecting acute and chronic hepatitis in this population was low. More sensitive biomarkers are needed for early detection of liver disease in apparent clinically healthy dogs.

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“…In human medicine, acute liver failure (ALF) has been defined as progression of acute liver injury, resulting in the development of hepatic encephalopathy (HE) within 8 weeks of the onset of hyperbilirubinemia and the presence of coagulopathy, in the absence of previous hepatic disease …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Where possible, initial treatment consists of correction of the underlying cause and administration of an antidote, if available . However, the cornerstone of therapy remains supportive care, including IV fluids, correction of electrolyte abnormalities, hepatic cytoprotective agents (eg, silymarin, vitamin E, S‐adenosyl‐L‐methionine [SAMe], and N‐acetylcysteine [NAC]), nutritional management to allow recovery of the liver and reduce the signs of encephalopathy, and management of secondary complications (eg, coagulopathies, hypoglycemia, HE, and infection) …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute liver failure in two dogs following ingestion of cheese tree (Glochidion ferdinandi) roots

Griebsch¹,

Whitney²,

Angles³

et al. 2018

J Vet Emergen Crit Care

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Objective: To describe the management and resolution of acute liver failure (ALF) in two dogs following ingestion of cheese tree (Glochidion ferdinandi) roots. Case Summaries:A 2-year-old male entire Bullmastiff and a 5-year-old female neutered German Shepherd dog were presented for acute-onset lethargy and vomiting after chewing on tree roots of a cheese tree. Both dogs developed clinical abnormalities consistent with ALF, including hepatic encephalopathy, marked increase in alanine aminotransferase activity and bilirubin concentration, and prolonged coagulation times. Treatment included administration of intravenous fluids, hepatoprotectants, vitamin K 1 , antibiotics, lactulose, antacids, antiemetics, and multiple fresh frozen plasma transfusions. Follow-up examinations performed 30 days after initial presentation revealed the dogs to be clinically healthy with serum biochemical and coagulation profiles within reference intervals.New or Unique Information: This is the first report describing ALF in two dogs following ingestion of cheese tree (G. ferdinandi) roots. In this clinical setting, despite a poor prognosis, survival and recovery of adequate liver function were possible with medical management.

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Acute liver failure in dogs and cats

Abstract: The prognosis for ALF depends upon the etiology, the degree of liver damage, and the response to therapy. In veterinary medicine, the prognosis is generally poor.

Cited by 31 publications

References 182 publications

Performance characteristics of the turbidimetric ACL‐TOP CTS 300 coagulation analyzer in dogs and cats

Performance characteristics of the turbidimetric ACL‐TOP CTS 300 coagulation analyzer in dogs and cats

Sensitivity and Specificity of PlasmaALT,ALP, and Bile Acids for Hepatitis in Labrador Retrievers

Acute liver failure in two dogs following ingestion of cheese tree (Glochidion ferdinandi) roots

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