Acute Myeloid Leukemia and the Myelodysplastic Syndromes

Kolitz, Jonathan E.

doi:10.1007/0-387-31056-8_63

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 234 publications

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“…A leucemia mielóide aguda (LMA) compreende um grupo heterogêneo de neoplasias agressivas de células sanguíneas que surgem da expansão clonal de células precursoras hematopoiéticas malignas na medula óssea (KOLITZ et al, 2023). De acordo com a última classificação da Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) em 2022 temos como subtipo de LMA, a leucemia mieloide aguda relacionada a mielodisplasia (LMA-RM) que pode ser agora caracterizada pela presença de mutações somáticas e alterações citogenéticas específicas definidoras, independentemente da quantidade de blastos no sangue periférico ou medula óssea (ZHANG et al, 2022).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Venetoclax e azacitidina em Leucemia Mielóide Aguda relacionada a Mielodisplasia em paciente jovem: um relato de caso

Melo,

Caio

2024

Braz. J. Hea. Rev.

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Introdução: A leucemia mielóide aguda (LMA) compreende um grupo heterogêneo de neoplasias agressivas de células sanguíneas que surgem da expansão clonal de células precursoras hematopoiéticas malignas na medula óssea. De acordo com a última classificação da Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) em 2022 temos como subtipo de LMA a leucemia mielóide aguda relacionada a mielodisplasia (LMA-RM) que pode ser agora caracterizada pela presença de mutações somáticas e alterações citogenéticas específicas definidoras, independentemente da quantidade de blastos no sangue periférico ou medula óssea. A reclassificação baseada em alterações citogenéticas e moleculares permite o prescritor direcionar o tratamento com terapias alvo, capazes de oferecer desfechos clínicos favoráveis em detrimento das quimioterapias padrão. Objetivos: Relatar um caso de tratamento de paciente jovem e elegível com leucemia mielóide aguda relacionada a mielodisplasia com venetoclax e azacitidina. Método: Informações foram obtidas por meio de dados de exame clínico e análise do prontuário, além de revisão bibliográfica sobre o tema.

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Section: Introductionunclassified

Venetoclax e azacitidina em Leucemia Mielóide Aguda relacionada a Mielodisplasia em paciente jovem: um relato de caso

Melo,

Caio

2024

Braz. J. Hea. Rev.

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Antileukemia and antitumor effects of the graft-versus-host disease: A new immunovirological approach

Sinkovics¹

2010

Acta Microbiologica et Immunologica Hungarica

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In leukemic mice, the native host's explicit and well-defined immune reactions to the leukemia virus (a strong exogenous antigen) and to leukemia cells (pretending in their native hosts to be protected "self" elements) are extinguished and replaced in GvHD (graft-versus-host disease) by those of the immunocompetent donor cells. In many cases, the GvHD-inducer donors display genetically encoded resistance to the leukemia virus. In human patients only antileukemia and anti-tumor cell immune reactions are mobilized; thus, patients are deprived of immune reactions to a strong exogenous antigen (the elusive human leukemia-sarcoma retroviruses). The innate and adaptive immune systems of mice have to sustain the immunosuppressive effects of leukemia-inducing retroviruses. Human patients due to the lack of leukemiainducing retroviral pathogens (if they exist, they have not as yet been discovered), escape such immunological downgrading. After studying leukemogenic retroviruses in murine and feline (and other mammalian) hosts, it is very difficult to dismiss retroviral etiology for human leukemias and sarcomas. Since no characterized and thus recognized leukemogenic-sarcomagenic retroviral agents are being isolated from the vast majority of human leukemias-sarcomas, the treatment for these conditions in mice and in human patients vastly differ. It is immunological and biological modalities (alpha interferons; vaccines; adoptive lymphocyte therapy) that dominate the treatment of murine leukemias, whereas combination chemotherapy remains the main remission-inducing agent in human leukemias-lymphomas and sarcomas (as humanized monoclonal antibodies and immunotoxins move in). Yet, in this apparently different backgrounds in Mus and Homo, GvHD, as a treatment modality, appears to work well in both hosts, by replacing the hosts' anti-leukemia and anti-tumor immune faculties with those of the donor. The clinical application of GvHD in the treatment of human leukemias-lymphomas and malignant solid tumors remains a force worthy of pursuit, refinement and strengthening. Graft engineering and modifications of the inner immunological environment of the recipient host by the activation or administration of tumor memory T cells, selected Treg cells and natural killer (NKT) cell classes and cytokines, and the improved pharmacotherapy of GvHD without reducing its antitumor efficacy, will raise the value of GvHD to the higher ranks of the effective antitumor immunotherapeutical measures. Clinical interventions of HCT/HSCT (hematopoietic cell/stem cell transplants) are now applicable to an extended spectrum of malignant diseases in human patients, being available to elderly patients, who receive non-myeloablative conditioning, are re-enforced by post-transplant donor lymphocyte (NK cell and immune T cell) infusions and post-transplant vaccinations, and the donor cells may derive from engineered grafts, or from cord blood with reduced GvHD, but increased GvL/GvT-inducing capabilities (graft-versus leukemia/tumor). Post-transplant T cell tran...

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Acute Myeloid Leukemia and the Myelodysplastic Syndromes

Cited by 2 publications

References 234 publications

Venetoclax e azacitidina em Leucemia Mielóide Aguda relacionada a Mielodisplasia em paciente jovem: um relato de caso

Venetoclax e azacitidina em Leucemia Mielóide Aguda relacionada a Mielodisplasia em paciente jovem: um relato de caso

Antileukemia and antitumor effects of the graft-versus-host disease: A new immunovirological approach

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