Acute myeloid leukemias in Batna Epidemiological and cytological profile of acute myeloid leukemias

Abstract

Background Acute myeloid leukemias (AMLs) are heterogeneous clonal hematologic malignancies caused by the transformation of a hematopoietic stem cell or an already-committed progenitor to the myeloid lineage. The objective of this work is to describe the epidemiological and cytological characteristics of peripheral blood and marrow in 126 patients with AML at the Batna Anti-Cancer Center between 2016 and 2019. Methods The diagnostic criteria are based on the morphology of cells under the microscope, cytochemistry, clinical presentation, immunophenotyping of blasts by flow cytometry, cytogenetics, and the search for certain molecular markers. Results The age of the patients ranged from 15 to 88 years. Morphological examination of blood and marrow smears and myeloperoxidase reaction allowed AML to be classified according to the criteria of the French–American–British group: (1) 9.5% of AML0, (2) 17.5% of AML1, (3) 11.1% of LAM2, (4) 13.5% of LAM3, (5) 15.1% of LAM4, (6) 16.7% of LAM5, (7) 3.2% of LAM6, and (8) 0% of LAM7. There were 12.7% of cases difficult to classify, and 0.8%biphenotypic cases. Conclusions Discrepancies in terms of percentages are noted between the subtypes M0, M1, and M2. These results must be supplemented by studies of cytogenetics and molecular biology.